Term
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Definition
| the term for an gaps in the myelin sheath that occur about every millimeter between the oligodendrocyte segments (in CNS) or between individual Schwann cells (in PNS) |
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Term
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Definition
| _______ matter consists of groups of neuron cell bodies and their dendrites, where there is very little myelin. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the Central Nervous System, gray matter on the surface of the brain is called? |
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Term
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Definition
| In the Central Nervous System, gray matter located deep within the brain are called? |
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Term
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Definition
| __________ matter consists of bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths. |
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Term
| Nerve Tracts (or conduction pathways) |
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Definition
| The White matter of the Central Nervous System forms _____________, which propagate action potentials from one area of the CNS to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the Periperheral Nervous System, bundles of axons and their connective tissue is called? |
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Term
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Definition
| The inside of most cell membranes are negatively charged. The ouside of the cell membrane is positively charged. The uneven distribution of charge means the cell membrane is? |
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Term
| resting membrane potential |
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Definition
| In an unstimulated (or resting) cell, the uneven charge distribution is called? |
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Term
Leak Channels and
Gated Channels |
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Definition
| Ions flow through channels due to the differences in their concentration across the membrane. There are two basic types of channels. Name them. |
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Term
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Definition
| This type of channel is always open - and when the cell is at rest, the membrane potential is established by diffusion of ions through this type of channel |
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Term
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Definition
| This type of channel is closed until opened by a specific signal. When opened they can change the membrane potential and are responsible for action potentials. |
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Term
| Chemically Gated Channels |
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Definition
| These channels are opened by neurotransmitters or other chemicals. |
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Term
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Definition
| These channels are opened by a change in the membrane potential. |
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Term
| Negatively charged proteins |
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Definition
| The primary source of the negative charge inside a cell is a high concentration of ____________ molecules, that can not diffuse out of the cell because the membrane is impermeable to them. |
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Term
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Definition
| To compensate for the constant leakage of ions accross the membrane, this structure is required to maintain the greater concentration of NA outside the cell and K inside the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle and nerve cells are _____________ which means that the resting membrane potential changes in response to stimuli that active gated ion channels |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of Na+ (called a local current) causes the inisde of the cell membrane to become positive - a change called? |
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Term
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Definition
| Depolarization and repolarization constitute an ? |
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Term
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Definition
| At the end of repolarization, the charge on the cell membrane briefly becomes more negative than the resting membrane potential, this condition is called? |
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Term
| If threshold is reached, an action potential occurs; if threshold is not reached, no action potential occurs. |
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Definition
| Action potentials occur in an all-or-none fashion. Describe what that means? |
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Term
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Definition
| A junction where the axon of one neuron interacts with antoher neuron or with cells of an effector organ (such as muscle or gland). |
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Term
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Definition
| the end of the axon forms ? |
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Term
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Definition
| The membrane of the dendrite or effector cell is called the ? |
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Term
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Definition
| The space that seperates the Presynaptic terminal from teh Postsynaptic membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical substances called neurotransmitters are stored in _______________ in the presynaptic terminal. |
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Term
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Definition
| In synapses where acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter, such as the neuromuscular junction, what is the name of the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs can modulate the action of neurotransmitters - such as Cocaine and amphetamines increase the release of and block the re-uptake of what neurotransmitter? |
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Term
| depression and behavior disorders |
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Definition
| Drugs that block serotonin re-uptake are particularly effective in treating? |
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Term
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Definition
| An involuntary reaction in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the Central Nervous System. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the term for a neuronal pathway by which a reflex occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Theses are the basic functional unit of the nervous system because it is the smallest simplest pathway capable of receiving stimulus and yielding a response. |
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Term
1. Sensory receptor
2. Sensory neuron
3. Interneurons (in some reflexes)
4. A motor neuron
5. An effector organ (muscle or gland |
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Definition
| Name the 5 basic components of a reflex arc? |
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Term
Converging Pathway
and
Diverging Pathway |
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Definition
| Neurons are organized within the CNS to form pathways ranging from simple to complex. The two simplest pathways are? |
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Term
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Definition
| The name of a pathway where two or more neurons synapse with the same neurons. This allows informaiton transmitted in more than one neuronal pathway to converge into a single pathway |
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Term
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Definition
| The pathway where the axon from oen neuron divides and synapses with more than one other neuron. This allows information transmitted in one neuronal pathway to diverge into two or more pathways. |
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Term
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Definition
| The inferior end of the spinal cord and the spinal nerves exiting there resemble a horse's tail and are collectively called? |
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Term
Dorsal (posterior)
Ventral (anterior)
and
Lateral columns |
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Definition
| The white matter in each half of the spinal cord is organized into three columns. Name the 3 columns. |
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Term
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Definition
| Each column of the spinal cord contains pathways. Name the pathway that consists of axons that conduct action potentials toward the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Each column of the spinal cord contains pathways. Name the pathway that consists of axons that conduct actdion potential away from the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| The term for a fluid-filled space in the center of the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| All the spinal nerves contain axons of both sensory and somatic motor neurons and are called? |
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Term
Control of Heart Rate
Blood Pressure
Breathing |
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Definition
| The brain stem connects the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain. It consists of several nuclei involved in vital body functions such as: |
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