Term
| the 2 parts of preparation of an alkene |
|
Definition
-dehydrohalogenation
-dehydration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rxn of an alkyl halide with a strong base forms an alkene, with loss of HX |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment of an alcohol with a strong base forms an alkene, with loss of H2O |
|
|
Term
| rxn of an alkyl halide with a strong base forms ______, with loss of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rxn of ______ with a strong base forms an alkene, with loss of HX |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rxn of an alkyl halide with ______ forms an alkene, with loss of HX |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of ______ with a strong base forms an alkene, with loss of H2O |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of an alcohol with ______ forms an alkene, with loss of H2O |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of an alcohol with a strong base forms ______, with loss of H2O |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of an alcohol with a strong base forms an alkene, with loss of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some addition rxns of alkenes |
|
Definition
-halogenation
-addition of hypohalous acids
-addition of water to alkenes
-addition of water to alkenes: hydroboration/oxidation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| addition of halogens to alkenes |
|
|
Term
| ______ react with alkenes to yield 1,2-dihaloalkenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Br2 and Cl2 react with ______ to yield 1,2-dihaloalkenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Br2 and Cl2 react with alkenes to yield ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the type of stereochemistry halogenation occurs with |
|
Definition
| anti stereochemistry; both halogens come from opposite sides of the molecule |
|
|
Term
| the rxn intermediate of alkene halogenation |
|
Definition
| a cyclic halonium intermediate that is formed in a single step by an interaction of an alkene with Br+ or Cl+ |
|
|
Term
| how a cyclic halonium intermediate is formed |
|
Definition
| in a single step by an interaction of an alkene with Br+ or Cl+ |
|
|
Term
| alkenes add ______, forming halohydrins, when they react with halogens in the presence of H2O |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| alkenes add HO-X (X = Br or Cl), forming ______, when they react with halogens in the presence of H2O |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| alkenes add HO-X (X = Br or Cl), forming halohydrins, when they react with ______ in the presence of H2O |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| alkenes add HO-X (X = Br or Cl), forming halohydrins, when they react with halogens in the presence of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ add HO-X (X = Br or Cl), forming halohydrins, when they react with halogens in the presence of H2O |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how halohydrins are formed when hypohalous acids are added to alkenes |
|
Definition
| the added nucleophile (H2O) intercepts the halonium ion to yield a halohydrin |
|
|
Term
| how bromohydrins are formed when hypophalous acids are added to alkenes |
|
Definition
| bromohydrin formation is usually achieved by NBS in aqueous DMSO |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reactivity of aromatic rings to halohydrin reagents |
|
Definition
| aromatic rings are inert to halohydrin reagents |
|
|
Term
| 2 ways water can be added to alkenes |
|
Definition
-hydration
-oxymercuration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| addition of water to a molecule, such as occurs when alkenes are treated with aqueous to give alcohols |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method for double bond hydration by reaction of an alkene with aqueous mercuric acetate followed by treatment with NaBH4 |
|
|
Term
| ______ adds to alkenes to yield alcohols in the presence of a strong acid catalyst |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| water adds to ______ to yield alcohols in the presence of a strong acid catalyst |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| water adds to alkenes to yield ______ in the presence of a strong acid catalyst |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| water adds to alkenes to yield alcohols in the presence of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| although hydration of alkenes is important industrially,... |
|
Definition
| reaction conditions are too severe for most molecules |
|
|
Term
| the role of water when hypohalous acids are added to alkenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in ______, addition of Hg(OAc)2, followed by NaBH4, converts an alkene to an alcohol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in oxymercuration, addition of ______, followed by NaBH4, converts an alkene to an alcohol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in oxymercuration, addition of Hg(OAc)2, followed by ______, converts an alkene to an alcohol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in oxymercuration, addition of Hg(OAc)2, followed by NaBH4, converts ______ to an alcohol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in oxymercuration, addition of Hg(OAc)2, followed by NaBH4, converts an alkene to ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in ______, the mechanism of addition proceeds through a mercurinium ion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in oxymercuration, the mechanism of ______ proceeds through a mercurinium ion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in oxymercuration, the mechanism of addition proceeds through a ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| addition of borane (BH3) or an alkylborane to an alkene. The resultant trialkylborane products can be oxidized to yield alcohols. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rxn that causes a decrease in electron ownership by C, either by bond formation between C or a more electronegative atom (usually O, N, or a halogen) or by bond breaking between C and a less electronegative atom (usually H) |
|
|
Term
| ______ adds to an alkene to produce an organoborane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BH3 adds to ______ to produce an organoborane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BH3 adds to an alkene to produce ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 molecules of ______ add to BH3 to produce a trialkylborane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 molecules of alkene add to ______ to produce a trialkylborane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 molecules of alkene add to BH3 to produce ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of ______ with H2O2 forms 3 molecules of an alcohol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of the trialkylborane with ______ forms 3 molecules of an alcohol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of the trialkylborane with H2O2 forms ______ |
|
Definition
| 3 molecules of an alcohol |
|
|
Term
| the regiochemistry followed by oxymercuration |
|
Definition
| Markovnikov regiochemistry |
|
|
Term
| stereochemistry with which hydroboration of alkenes occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stereochemistry with which oxidation of alkenes occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| regiochemistry with which hydroboration of alkenes occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| regiochemistry with which oxidation of alkenes occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is complementary to oxymercuration/reduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hydroboration is ______ to oxymercuration/reduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hydroboration is complementary to ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the mechanism of ______ involves a four-center, cyclic transition state |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the mechanism of hydroboration involves ______ transition state |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why hydroboration undergoes syn addition |
|
Definition
| because of the four-center, cyclic transition state |
|
|
Term
| why hydroboration undergoes non-Markovnikov regiochemistry |
|
Definition
| because of the attachment of B to the less sterically crowded C atom of the alkene |
|
|
Term
| how reduction occurs in organic chemistry |
|
Definition
| either by forming C-H bonds or by breaking C-O, C-N, or C-X bonds |
|
|
Term
| the bond forming that causes reduction in organic chemistry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the bond breaking that causes reduction in organic chemistry |
|
Definition
| breaking C-O, C-N, or C-X bonds |
|
|
Term
| ______ reduces alkenes to saturated hydrocarbons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| catalytic hydrogenation ______ alkenes to saturated hydrocarbons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| catalytic hydrogenation reduces ______ to saturated hydrocarbons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| catalytic hydrogenation reduces alkenes to ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the catalysts most frequently used in hydrogenation of alkenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| catalytic hydrogenation is a ______ process that takes place on the surface of the catalyst |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| catalytic hydrogenation is a heterogeneous process that takes place ______ |
|
Definition
| on the surface of the catalyst |
|
|
Term
| the stereochemistry with which catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is sensitive to the steric environment around the double bond |
|
Definition
| catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes |
|
|
Term
| catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is sensitive to ______ around the double bond |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is sensitive to the steric environment around ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reactivity of alkenes vs. reactivity of other functional groups |
|
Definition
| alkenes are much more reactive than other functional groups |
|
|
Term
| in organic chemistry, oxidation decreases how ocidation occurs in organic chemistry |
|
Definition
| either by forming C-O, C-N, or C-X bonds or by breaking C-H bonds |
|
|
Term
| the bond forming that causes oxidation in organic chemistry |
|
Definition
| forming C-O, C-N, or C-X bonds |
|
|
Term
| the bond breakign that causes oxidation in organic chemistry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a 3-membered-ring functional group |
|
|
Term
| ______ can be prepared by the reaction of an alkene with a peroxyacid RCO3H |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| epoxides can be prepared by... |
|
Definition
| -the reaction of an alkene with a peroxyacid RCO3H
-when halohydrins are treated with base |
|
|
Term
| epoxides can be prepared by the reaction of ______ with a peroxyacid RCO3H |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| epoxides can be prepared by the reaction of an alkene with ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how the reaction of an alkene with a peroxyacid RCO3H to form an epoxide occurs |
|
Definition
| occurs in 1 step with syn stereochemistry |
|
|
Term
| the stereochemistry with which the reaction of an alkene with a peroxyacid RCO3H to form an epoxide occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 ways epoxides can be formed |
|
Definition
| -the reaction of an alkene with a peroxyacid RCO3H
-when halohydrins are treated with base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a 1,2-haloalcohol, such as that obtained on addition of HOBr to an alkene |
|
|
Term
| epoixides can be formed when ______ are treated with base |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| epoixides can be formed when halohydrins are treated with ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ of an epoxide ring with water yields a 1,2-diol (glycol) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acid-catalyzed rxn of ______ with water yields a 1,2-diol (glycol) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acid-catalyzed rxn of an epoxide ring with ______ yields a 1,2-diol (glycol) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acid-catalyzed rxn of an epoxide ring with water yields a ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how ring-opening of an epoxide ring occurs in an acid-catalyzed reaction of an epoxide ring with water |
|
Definition
| by back-side attack of a nucleophile on the protenated epoxide ring |
|
|
Term
| ______ is formed from an epoxycycloalkane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a trans-1,2-diol is formed from ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| addition of 2 -OH groups to a 2bl bond |
|
|
Term
| ______ causes the addition of 2 -OH groups to an alkene to form a diol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OsO4 causes ______ of 2 -OH groups to an alkene to form a diol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OsO4 causes the addition of ______ to an alkene to form a diol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OsO4 causes the addition of 2 -OH groups to ______ to form a diol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OsO4 causes the addition of 2 -OH groups to an alkene to form a ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how hydroxylation of alkenes occurs |
|
Definition
| OsO4 causes the addition of 2 -OH groups to an alkene to form a diol |
|
|
Term
| hydroxylation of alkenes occurs thru... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a safer version of the hydroxylation of alkenes uses... |
|
Definition
| a catalytic amount of OsO4 and the oxidant NMO |
|
|
Term
| the stereochemistry with which the hydroxylation of alkenes occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some ways alkenes can become reduced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some ways alkenes can become oxidized |
|
Definition
-epoxidation
-hydroxylation
-cleavage to carbonyl compounds |
|
|
Term
| ______ causes cleavage of an alkene to produce aldehyde and/or ketone fragments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| O3 (ozone) causes ______ of an alkene to produce aldehyde and/or ketone fragments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| O3 (ozone) causes cleavage of ______ to produce aldehyde and/or ketone fragments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| O3 (ozone) causes cleavage of an alkene to produce ______ |
|
Definition
| aldehyde and/or ketone fragments |
|
|
Term
| O3 (ozone) causing cleavage of an alkene to produce aldehyde and/or ketone fragments proceeds thru... |
|
Definition
| a cyclic molozonide, which rearranges to an ozonide that is reduced by Zn |
|
|
Term
| ______ in neutral or acidic solution cleaves alkenes to yield ketones, carboxylic acids, or CO2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| KMnO4 in ______ cleaves alkenes to yield ketones, carboxylic acids, or CO2 |
|
Definition
| neutral or acidic solution |
|
|
Term
| KMnO4 in neutral or acidic solution ______ alkenes to yield ketones, carboxylic acids, or CO2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| KMnO4 in neutral or acidic solution cleaves ______ to yield ketones, carboxylic acids, or CO2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| KMnO4 in neutral or acidic solution cleaves alkenes to yield ______ |
|
Definition
| ketones, carboxylic acids, or CO2 |
|
|
Term
| ______ can be cleaved with HIO4 (periodic acid) to produce carbonyl compounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diols can be ______ with HIO4 (periodic acid) to produce carbonyl compounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diols can be cleaved with ______ to produce carbonyl compounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diols can be cleaved with HIO4 (periodic acid) to produce ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acid-catalyzed rxn of an epoxide ring with water yields a ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how ring-opening of an epoxide ring occurs in an acid-catalyzed reaction of an epoxide ring with water |
|
Definition
| by back-side attack of a nucleophile on the protenated epoxide ring |
|
|
Term
| ______ is formed from an epoxycycloalkane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a trans-1,2-diol is formed from ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| addition of 2 -OH groups to a 2bl bond |
|
|
Term
| ______ causes the addition of 2 -OH groups to an alkene to form a diol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OsO4 causes ______ of 2 -OH groups to an alkene to form a diol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OsO4 causes the addition of ______ to an alkene to form a diol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OsO4 causes the addition of 2 -OH groups to ______ to form a diol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OsO4 causes the addition of 2 -OH groups to an alkene to form a ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how hydroxylation of alkenes occurs |
|
Definition
| OsO4 causes the addition of 2 -OH groups to an alkene to form a diol |
|
|
Term
| hydroxylation of alkenes occurs thru... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a safer version of the hydroxylation of alkenes uses... |
|
Definition
| a catalytic amount of OsO4 and the oxidant NMO |
|
|
Term
| the stereochemistry with which the hydroxylation of alkenes occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some ways alkenes can become reduced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some ways alkenes can become oxidized |
|
Definition
-epoxidation
-hydroxylation
-cleavage to carbonyl compounds |
|
|
Term
| ______ causes cleavage of an alkene to produce aldehyde and/or ketone fragments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| O3 (ozone) causes ______ of an alkene to produce aldehyde and/or ketone fragments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| O3 (ozone) causes cleavage of ______ to produce aldehyde and/or ketone fragments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| O3 (ozone) causes cleavage of an alkene to produce ______ |
|
Definition
| aldehyde and/or ketone fragments |
|
|
Term
| O3 (ozone) causing cleavage of an alkene to produce aldehyde and/or ketone fragments proceeds thru... |
|
Definition
| a cyclic molozonide, which rearranges to an ozonide that is reduced by Zn |
|
|
Term
| ______ in neutral or acidic solution cleaves alkenes to yield ketones, carboxylic acids, or CO2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| KMnO4 in ______ cleaves alkenes to yield ketones, carboxylic acids, or CO2 |
|
Definition
| neutral or acidic solution |
|
|
Term
| KMnO4 in neutral or acidic solution ______ alkenes to yield ketones, carboxylic acids, or CO2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| KMnO4 in neutral or acidic solution cleaves ______ to yield ketones, carboxylic acids, or CO2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| KMnO4 in neutral or acidic solution cleaves alkenes to yield ______ |
|
Definition
| ketones, carboxylic acids, or CO2 |
|
|
Term
| ______ can be cleaved with HIO4 (periodic acid) to produce carbonyl compounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diols can be ______ with HIO4 (periodic acid) to produce carbonyl compounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diols can be cleaved with ______ to produce carbonyl compounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diols can be cleaved with HIO4 (periodic acid) to produce ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ (R2C:) adds to an alkene to give a cyclopropane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a carbene (______) adds to an alkene to give a cyclopropane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a carbene (R2C:) ______ an alkene to give a cyclopropane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a carbene (R2C:) adds to ______ to give a cyclopropane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a carbene (R2C:) adds to an alkene to give ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how the addition of carbenes to alkenes occurs |
|
Definition
| in a single step, without intermediates |
|
|
Term
| treatment of ______ with KOH forms dichlorocarbene |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of HCCl3 with ______ forms dichlorocarbene |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treatment of HCCl3 with KOH forms ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ of dichlorocarbene to a double bond is stereospecific, and only cis-dichlorocyclopropanes are formed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| addition of ______ to a double bond is stereospecific, and only cis-dichlorocyclopropanes are formed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| addition of dichlorocarbene to ______ is stereospecific, and only cis-dichlorocyclopropanes are formed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| addition of dichlorocarbene to a double bond is ______, and only cis-dichlorocyclopropanes are formed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| addition of dichlorocarbene to a double bond is stereospecific, and only ______ are formed |
|
Definition
| cis-dichlorocyclopropanes |
|
|
Term
| the Simmons-Smith reaction |
|
Definition
| reaction of CH2I2 and Zn-Cu to produce a non-halogenated cyclopropane via a carbenoid reagent |
|
|
Term
| ______ (CH2I2, Zn-Cu) produces a non-halogenated cyclopropane via a carbenoid reagent |
|
Definition
| the Simmons-Smith reaction |
|
|
Term
| the Simmons-Smith reaction (______) produces a non-halogenated cyclopropane via a carbenoid reagent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the Simmons-Smith reaction (CH2I2, Zn-Cu) produces ______ via a carbenoid reagent |
|
Definition
| a non-halogenated cyclopropane |
|
|
Term
| the Simmons-Smith reaction (CH2I2, Zn-Cu) produces a non-halogenated cyclopropane via ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the 3 steps in a chain-growth polymerization reaction |
|
Definition
1: initiation
2: propagation
3: termination |
|
|
Term
| initiation of a chain-growth polymerization reaction |
|
Definition
| involves clevage of a weak bond to form a radical |
|
|
Term
| propagation of a chain-growth polymerization reaction |
|
Definition
| the alkyl radical adds to another alkene molecule to yield a second radical |
|
|
Term
| termination of a chain-growth polymerization reaction |
|
Definition
| when 2 radical fragments combine |
|
|
Term
| what the radical does in the initiation phase of chain-growth polymerization |
|
Definition
| adds to an alkene to generate an alkyl radical |
|
|
Term
| how many times does the propagation phase of the chain-growth polymerization reaction occur? |
|
Definition
| this step is repeated many, many times |
|
|
Term
| mechanisms of radical reactions are shown using... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As in ______, the more stable radical (more substituted) is formed in preference to the less stable radical |
|
Definition
| electrophilic addition reactions |
|
|
Term
| As in electrophilic addition reactions, the ______ is formed in preference to the less stable radical |
|
Definition
| more stable radical (more substituted) |
|
|
Term
| As in electrophilic addition reactions, the more stable radical (more substituted) is formed in preference to ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| biochemical radical reactions are (more or less) controlled than laboratory radical reactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when water is added to an achiral alkene,... |
|
Definition
| a racemic mixture of products is formed |
|
|
Term
| why an achiral alkene can react to produce a racemic mixture |
|
Definition
-the achiral cationic intermediate can react from either side to produce a racemic mixture
-alternatively, the transition states for top side reaction and bottom side reaction are enantiomers and have the same energy |
|
|
Term
| ______ reactions yield a single enantiomer, even when the substrate is achiral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| enzyme-catalyzed reactions yield ______, even when the substrate is achiral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| enzyme-catalyzed reactions yield a single enantiomer, even when the substrate is ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when ______ adds to a chiral alkene, the intermediate carbocation is chiral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when H+ adds to ______, the intermediate carbocation is chiral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when H+ adds to a chiral alkene, the intermediate ______ is chiral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when H+ adds to a chiral alkene, the intermediate carbocation is ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the original chirality center affected by the addition of water to a chiral alkene? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reaction of ______ with the carbocation doesn't occur with equal probability from either side, and the resulting product is an optically active mixture of diastereomeric alcohols |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reaction of water with ______ doesn't occur with equal probability from either side, and the resulting product is an optically active mixture of diastereomeric alcohols |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reaction of water with the carbocation (does or doesn't) occur with equal probability from either side, and the resulting product is an optically active mixture of diastereomeric alcohols |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reaction of water with the carbocation doesn't occur with equal probability from either side, and the resulting product is ______ |
|
Definition
| an optically active mixture of diastereomeric alcohols |
|
|
Term
| rxn of ______ with an achiral reactant leads to unequal amounts of diastereomeric products |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rxn of a chiral reactant with ______ leads to unequal amounts of diastereomeric products |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rxn of a chiral reactant with an achiral reactant leads to (equal or unequal) amounts of diastereomeric products |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rxn of a chiral reactant with an achiral reactant leads to unequal amounts of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when regiochemistry in addition reactions is relevant |
|
Definition
| only when adding 2 different groups, such as H and Br, on an unsymmetrical alkene |
|
|
Term
| when regiochemistry in addition reactions is irrelevant |
|
Definition
| when 2 of the same group is added, such as 2 Br, or when adding groups on a symmetrical alkene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a substituent is added to the more substituted C |
|
|
Term
| anti-Markovnikov addition |
|
Definition
| when a substituent is added to the less substituted C |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| addition of 2 substituents from the same side of the plane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| addition of 2 substituents from opposite sides of the plane |
|
|
Term
| when regiochemistry in addition reactions is relevant |
|
Definition
| only when adding 2 different groups, such as H and Br, on an unsymmetrical alkene |
|
|
Term
| when regiochemistry in addition reactions is irrelevant |
|
Definition
| when 2 of the same group is added, such as 2 Br, or when adding groups on a symmetrical alkene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a substituent is added to the more substituted C |
|
|
Term
| anti-Markovnikov addition |
|
Definition
| when a substituent is added to the less substituted C |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| addition of 2 substituents from the same side of the plane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| addition of 2 substituents from opposite sides of the plane |
|
|
Term
| when a rxn step is endothermic |
|
Definition
| when it goes from more stable to less stable |
|
|
Term
| when a rxn step is exothermic |
|
Definition
| when it goes from less stable to more stable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the starting and ending energies are roughly the same |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Keq = ([product 1][product 2]...[product x])/([reactant 1][reactant 2]...[reactant x]) |
|
|
Term
| why a certain component of a rxn, such as H+, could be on an e'librium arrow |
|
Definition
| because it's both a reactant and product |
|
|
Term
| how to calculate change in energy (ΔG) |
|
Definition
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
ΔG = change in energy
ΔH = change in enthalpy
T = temp in K
ΔS = change in entropy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if there's less entropy on products than on reactants |
|
|
Term
| relationship between temp and ΔG |
|
Definition
| increasing temp causes ΔG to become less negative, thus rxn less spontaneous |
|
|
Term
| elimination rxns generally form... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what heat favors in a rxn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| losing halogen at 1 site and losing H at another site |
|
|
Term
| polarizability basically means... |
|
Definition
| it can have induced dipole |
|
|
Term
| why the intermediate step of the rxn of an alkene with Cl2 contains a Cl atom with 2 bonds to that alkene |
|
Definition
| keeps us from disobeying octet rule |
|
|
Term
| how to calculate the rate of a rxn |
|
Definition
| rate = k[reactant 1][reactant 2]...[reactant x] |
|
|
Term
| why the Br in a rxn of an alkene with Br2 could prefer 1 partially positive C over another |
|
Definition
| because 1 C could be more stable than the other |
|
|
Term
| example of how deuterium is incorporated into the nomenclature of a molecule |
|
Definition
| 2-deutero-1-methylcyclopentene |
|
|
Term
| why a cycloalkene acquires only 1 Br when there's water involved in the reaction |
|
Definition
| because water blocks the addition of another Br |
|
|
Term
| is breaking of ring strain endothermic or exothermic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why Hg is a good Lewis acid |
|
Definition
| because it has d and f orbitals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gain or O or other eneg element or loss of H |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of O or another eneg element or gain or H |
|
|
Term
| some metals that are often used to catalyze rxns where alkenes gain H's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some types of strain in 3 membered rings |
|
Definition
-angle strain
-torsional strain |
|
|
Term
| why H peroxide is good against bacteria |
|
Definition
| because it oxidizes some of the membranes in bacteria |
|
|
Term
| opening of epoxides yields (syn or anti) products |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breaking of molecule using ozone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how ozone develops in the air |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how ozone reacts with alkenes |
|
Definition
| breaks that double bond to yield 2 products that contain a 2bl bond with on O at the end |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the true utility of ozonolysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in retrosynthesis, what happens to 2bl bonded O's that are neither ketones nor aldehydes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| regiochemistry and stereochemistry of adding HX to alkenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| regiochemistry and stereochemistry of adding X2 to alkenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| regiochemistry and stereochemistry of halohydrin formation to alkenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| halohydrin formation to alkenes |
|
Definition
| reacting alkenes with X2 and H2O |
|
|
Term
| regiochemistry and stereochemistry of oxymercurtation-demercuration to alkenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| regiochemistry and stereochemistry of hydroboration-oxidation to alkenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| regiochemistry and stereochemistry of catalytic hydrogenation to alkenes |
|
Definition
no regiochemistry
syn addition |
|
|
Term
| regiochemistry and stereochemistry of epoxidation of alkenes with a peroxyacid |
|
Definition
no regiochemistry
syn addition |
|
|
Term
| regiochemistry and stereochemistry of hydrocylation of alkenes with OsO4 |
|
Definition
no regiochemistry
syn addition |
|
|
Term
| regiochemistry and stereochemistry of addition of carbenes to alkenes to yield cyclopropanes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of dichlorocarbene addition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of the Simmons-Smith rxn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| regiochemistry and stereochemistry of product of hydroxylation by acid-catalyzed epoxide hydrolysis |
|
Definition
no regiochemistry
anti stereochemistry |
|
|
Term
| depiction of oxidative cleavage of alkenes by ozonolysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of oxidative cleavage of alkenes by rxn of KMnO4 in acidic solution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depiction of cleavage of 1,2-diols |
|
Definition
|
|
