Term
| Digital imaging advantages |
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Definition
| The abililty to post-process images in a variety of ways to provide multiple views of the anatomy. In DR, density & contrast can be altered any time without re-exposing patient. Images stored in computer & can be xfered to multiple locations on network or sent via e-mail. |
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Term
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Definition
| Electronically brightens and enhances the image and transmits it to the monitor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Positive electrode toward which negatively charged electrons migrate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides cross-sectional views of the body. Obtain several dozen slices of information with one exposure. |
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Term
| Location of fluorsocopy x-ray tube |
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Definition
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Term
| Essential requiremenets for producing x-rays |
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Definition
1) source of electrons
2) means to accelerate the electrons
3) way to bring the electrons to a sudden stop |
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Term
| Similarities between PET and Nuclear Medicine imaging |
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Definition
| PET is similar to nuclear medicine in that it uses a radiopharmaceutical agent injected into the circulatory system to image the area of interest. |
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Term
| The types of energy produced by an x-ray machine |
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Definition
| Heat is the primary by-product (>99%), x-rays are also produced (<1%) |
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Term
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Definition
| Procedure using x-rays to image inner parts of the body in movement and motion |
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Term
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Definition
| Sonography - uses high-frequency sound waves (nonionizing radiation), Doppler - evaluate blood flow through arteries |
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Term
| The deceleration process that produces x-rays |
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Definition
| Because energy can be neither created nor destroyed, an energy conversion takes place; result of the sudden deceleration of the electrons at the anode. |
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Term
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Definition
| Density, contrast can be altered |
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Term
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Definition
| Produce 1000s of light rays for each x-ray striking them, reducing radiation required; computed radiography |
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Term
| Percentage of light vs. x-ray image exposure for intensifying screen cassettes |
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Definition
| 95% of image from light, 5% from rays |
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Term
| Fixed vs. mobile radiographic & fluoroscopic procedures & operation |
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Definition
| Fixed unit - radiologist, Mobile unit - tech |
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Term
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Definition
| CT - moves thru gantry, MRI - no radiation, moves thru cylindrical imager |
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Term
| X-ray tube cathode vs. anode |
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Definition
| Cathode - filament source of electrons (negative electrode), Anode - target where electrons strike (positive electrode) |
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Term
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Definition
| Barium Enema - Radiographic examination of the colon involving the use of a contrast agent |
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Term
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Definition
| Intravenous pyelogram or intravenous urography or excretory urography. Use of iodinated contrast agent injected into bloodstream. KUB highlighted. Visualize stones in urinary system and evaluate kidney function. Fluoroscopic control. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hysterosalpingogram - exam of uterus and fallopian tubes, oil-based iodinated contrast. Fluorscopy, follow-up radiographs |
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Term
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Definition
| Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography - performed to dx anomalies in biliary system or pancreas. Contrast medium injected into common bile duct. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of salivary glands. Uses fluoroscopy and radiography of mandible. Detect blockages caused by stones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evaluate structures in and around joint space. Most common joints are knee and shoulder. Contrast medium injected directly into joint space. Fluorscopy is used. |
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Term
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Definition
| Destroys stones in kidney or ureter using sonic shock waves. Fluoroscopy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of the esophagus, requires patitent to swallow a barium-sulfate preparation. Visualize tumors, constrictions, and spasms. |
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Term
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Definition
| X-ray and tube film is set in motion during exposure to blur structures above and below the body part of interest. Used for IVUs. |
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Term
| Reasons for performing extremity studies |
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Definition
| Evaluate bone fractures, dislocations, arthritis, osteoporosis, and tumors. |
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Term
| Reasons for performing headwork studies |
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Definition
Evaluate possible fractures
Locate foreign bodies
Examine abnormalities. |
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Term
| Reasons for performing abdominal studies |
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Definition
| Determine presence of foreign masses; calcifications; distribution of air in intestines; size, shape, location of major organs such as liver, kidney, spleen; body and soft-tissue damage |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of urinary bladder, filling bladder with contrast agent and taking radiographs of bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| Replaced by MRI, examination of subarachnoid space of spinal cord. After removal of spinal fluid, contrast agent injected into patient's back or neck. Fluoroscopy, radiographs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of breast, compressed to allow for maximum visualization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Air may be used with barium-based or iodine-based contrast media to provide double contrast; used in air-contrast colon studies and arthrography. |
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Term
| General types fo contrast media used |
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Definition
1) iodine-based media
2) barium-based media
3) air |
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Term
| Skills required for patient preparation |
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Definition
| Must be aware of all aspects of patient care taht relate to the exam |
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Term
| Common patient preparation mistakes |
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Definition
| Forgetting to remove a necklace before performing chest exam. |
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Term
| Medium of choice for chest radiography |
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Definition
| Air, easily penetrated by x-rays. |
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Term
| Medium of choice for GI studies & why? |
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Definition
| Barium, inert and cannot be absorbed by body. |
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Term
| Studies used to supplement or replace BEs |
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Definition
| Water-soluble iodine contrast agent, readily absorbed should spillage into the abdominal cavity occur. |
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Term
| Reasons for performing thoracic cavity studies |
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Definition
| Evaluate fluid in the lungs, overexpansion, collapsed lungs, tumors, heart enlargement, and other heart and lung abnormalities, as well as fractures of the ribs, sternoclavicular joints, and sternum. |
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Term
| The rationale for using nonionic contrast media |
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Definition
| Greatly reduces the occurrence of such side effects. |
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Term
| The most commonly radiographed area of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| General patient preparation procedures & who carries them out |
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Definition
External preparation - removing clothing, jewelry, noting tattoo area. Responsibility of radiographer
Internal preparation - cleansing enemas. Administered on nursing units or by patient at home. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Excretory urography, IVP and IVU |
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Definition
| Exam of the urinary system. |
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Term
| Internal vs. external patient preparation |
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Definition
| Cleansing enemas vs. removing clothing and jewelry |
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Term
| Conditions limiting use of barium as a contrast medium |
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Definition
| Surgery is imminent, perforated stomach or intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| A study with radiographs produced at intervals of several minutes after the introduction of iodinated contrast to image the KUB. |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of the x-ray tube that serves as the source for electrons. |
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