Term
| Is there a high or low degree of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow? |
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Definition
| high (it is largely controlled by the local conditions in the nervous tissue) |
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Term
| The blood-brain barrier is due mainly to special, selective properties of the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Broadly speaking, the _____ supplies most of the cerebral hemispheres, whereas the _____ supplies the brain stem & the cerebellum |
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Definition
| internal carotid artery; vertebral artery |
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Term
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Definition
| at the base of the skull; establish anastomoses between the posterior & the anterior cerebral circulations |
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Term
| 5 things encompassed in a "neurovascular unit" |
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Definition
1. neurons
2. glial cells
3. associated capillary-endothelial cells
4. basal lamina
5. pericytes |
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Term
| 2 conditions that cause marked vasodilatation & increase cerebral blood flow |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of fibers innervate brain vessels (even though autonomic circulatory control seems to play a minor part in the brain)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cranial nerve brings the brain arteries sensory innervation? |
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Definition
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Term
| The trigeminal arterial innervation, along with the vascular serotonin receptors, is an important factor in the pain of _____ attacks |
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Definition
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Term
| Are there specific transport mechanisms for certain substances that the brain needs along the BBB? |
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Definition
| yes! (it is not only a barrier intercalated between the blood & the brain) |
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Term
| Are brain capillaries much less or much more permeable than capillaries in most other tissues? |
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Definition
| much less (many small molecules cannot even pass the capillary wall) |
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Term
| What kind of junctions form between endothelial cells of the BBB? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are there very few or very many endocytotic (pinocytotic) vesicles in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells in the CNS? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| transporter molecules (P glycoprotein) |
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Definition
| actively expel lipid-soluble molecules (such that enters by passive diffusion through the plasma membrane); exist in brain endothelial cells |
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Term
| Can brain endothelial cells actively pump ions that are present in different concentration in the brain ECF & in the blood plasma? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are organic acids actively pumped in or out of the brain by a specific transporter? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 water-soluble substances that are taken up by active transport after binding to specific receptors in the endothelial membrane |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| the glucose transporter specific to brain capillaries |
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Term
| 2 kinds of macromolecules that are to a limited extent carried from blood plasma into the brain, probably by receptor-mediated transport |
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Definition
1. growth factors
2. cytokines |
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Term
| Which circumventricular organ is found in the lower end of the fourth ventricle? Which lies in the roof of the third ventricle underneath the fornix close to the interventricular foramen? |
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Definition
| area postrema; subfornical organ |
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Term
| What area is associated with the vomiting reflex (elicited by toxic substances of the blood)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which area monitors the salt concentration of the blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which area responds to circulating peptides involved in regulating energy balance? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the median eminence in the hypothalamus have a BBB? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 endocrine glands from the brain that lack a BBB |
|
Definition
1. posterior pituitary
2. pineal body |
|
|
Term
| 3 branches of the internal carotid artery |
|
Definition
1. ophthalamic artery (passes to orbit through the optic canal & does not supply the brain itself)
2. anterior cerebral artery (runs forward over the optic nerve & along the medial aspect of the hemisphere)
3. middle cerebral artery (the largest branch) |
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Term
| Where does the central retinal artery enter the eye & what part of the eye does it supply? |
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Definition
| enters through the optic nerve; supplies the retina |
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Term
| The deep parts of the cerebrum (most of the basal ganglia & the internal capsule) receive their own branches from the middle cerebral artery, _____, & by a separate branch of the internal carotid artery, the _____ |
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Definition
| lenticulostriate arteries; anterior choroid artery |
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Term
| How does the vertebral artery enter the posterior fossa? |
|
Definition
| ascending through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| arises when the vertebral arteries of the two sides unite at the lower level of the pons to form |
|
|
Term
| posterior inferior cerebellar artery |
|
Definition
| supplies the lateral part of the medulla & inferior parts of the cerebellar hemispheres; branch of the vertebral artery |
|
|
Term
| anterior inferior cerebellar artery |
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Definition
| supplies lateral parts of the pons & parts of the cerebellum; branch of the vertebral artery |
|
|
Term
| superior cerebellar artery |
|
Definition
| supplies the dorsal aspect of the cerebellum & parts of the pons & the mesencephalon; branch of the vertebral artery |
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Term
|
Definition
| a small branch from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery |
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Term
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Definition
| several thin branches of the vertebral artery that penetrate the brain stem from the basilar artery along its course |
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|
Term
| posterior cerebral arteries |
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Definition
| 2 end branches of the basilar artery that arise at the upper end of the pons |
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Term
| In general, the arteries of the cord are arranged with one artery running in the midline anteriorly, the _____, & one on each side running along the rows of posterior roots, the _____ |
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Definition
| anterior spinal artery; posterior spinal arteries |
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Term
|
Definition
| formed by folds of the dura; all of the veins empty here; large spaces |
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Term
| What kinds of veins are at the dorsal parts of the hemispheres & run upward & medially & empty into the large superior sagittal sinus in the upper margin of the falx cerebri? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the sigmoid sinus (forms the direct continuation of the transverse sinus) empty into? |
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Definition
| the internal jugular vein at the jugular foramen |
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Term
| Most of the blood of what kind of veins collects in the great cerebral vein of Galen? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| where the straight sinus drains into the superior sagittal sinus; from which the transvers sinus originates |
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