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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| largely arbitrary system of communication that combines symbols (such as words or gestural signs) in rule-based ways to create meaning |
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Definition
| categories of sounds our vocal apparatus produces |
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Definition
| smallest meaningful units of speech |
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Definition
| grammatical rules that govern how words are composed into meaningful strings |
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| extralinguistic information |
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Definition
| elements of communication that aren't part of the content of language but are critical to interpreting its meaning |
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Definition
| language variations used by groups of people who share geographic proximity or ethnic background |
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| similar-sounding words that have related meanings |
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Definition
| if you don't know this, stop studying right now |
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Definition
| intentional vocalization that lacks specific meaning |
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Term
| Infant vocalization stages (age too) |
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Definition
2 months - Cooing
3-4 months - Syllables
6 months - Reduplicative babbling
10 months - Conversational babbling |
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Term
| Speech Development Disorders (three) |
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Definition
mild articulation disorders
dyspraxia
stuttering |
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Term
| mild articulation disorders |
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Definition
| mispronouncing particular phonemes such as replacing th for s |
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Term
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Definition
| motor planning and coordination difficulties resulting in more pauses, slower speech, more effortful speech, and more variable pronunciation of words |
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Definition
| difficulty with smooth, fluid motor coordination of the vocal tract, resulting in repeated articulation of the same sounds, prolonged pronunciation of some sounds, and sudden spurts of speech |
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Definition
| single-word phrases used early in language development to convey an entire thought |
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Definition
| allowing an infinite number of unique sentences to be creates by combining words in novel ways |
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Definition
| account of language acquisition that suggests children are born knowing how language works |
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| language acquisition device |
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Definition
| hypothetical organ in the brain in which nativists believe knowledge of syntax resides |
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Definition
| account of language acquisition that proposes children infer what words and sentences mean from context and social interactions |
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Definition
| involved in speech production |
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Definition
| involved in speech comprehension |
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Term
| Myths about sign language |
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Definition
1. Deaf people don't need sign language because they can lip-read
2. Learning sign slows down deaf children's ability to learn to speak
3. American sign language is English translated word-for-word into signs |
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Definition
| awareness of how language is structured and used |
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Definition
| secret language developed and understood by only a small number of people, typically twins |
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| system of signs invented by deaf children of hearing parents who receive no language input |
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| view that all thought is represented verbally and that, as a result, our language defines our thinking |
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| view that characteristics of language shape our thought processes |
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| reading strategy that involves identifying common words without having to sound them out based on their appearance |
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Definition
| reading strategy that involves sounding out words by drawing correspondences between printed letters and sounds |
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Definition
| any mental activity or processing of information, including learning, remembering, perceiving, believing, and deciding |
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Definition
| study and design of computer systems created to mimic human cognitive abilities |
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Definition
| collections of real or imagined objects, actions, and characteristics that share core properties |
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| Key heuristics and biases (5) |
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Definition
Availability heuristic
Confirmation bias
Correlation = causation fallacy
Hindsight bias
Ignoring base rates |
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Definition
| generating a cognitive strategy to accomplish a goal |
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Definition
| phenomenon of becoming stuck in a specific problem-solving strategy, inhibiting our ability to generate alternatives |
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Definition
| difficulty conceptualizing that an object typically used for one purpose can be used for another |
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