Term
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Definition
vibration of Earth
produced by the rapid release of energy |
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Term
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Definition
Place wher waves are released from.
"point" of earthquake |
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Term
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Definition
| break in rock where movement has occured |
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Term
| Where do Earthquakes usually happen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the fault in CA? Describe it. |
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Definition
| San Andreas Fault. it is several large faults and many fractures |
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Term
| How do rocks behave when it is under stress? |
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Definition
| it bends, storing elastic energy |
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Term
| What is placing strain on the rocks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What builds up in the rock? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small earthquake before a major one |
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Term
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Definition
| small earthquake after a major one |
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Term
| How strong are aftershocks? Can they cause damage? |
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Definition
| 1. much weaker than the main earthquake 2. yes, because building are already weak |
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Term
| Why do scientists monitor foreshocks? |
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Definition
| To predict/plan for future earthquakes |
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Term
| What are 2 zones with alot of earthquake activity? |
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Definition
| 1. subduction zones 2. ocean ridges |
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Term
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Definition
| meausure of earthquake shaking |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of energy released at the source of an earthquake |
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Term
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Definition
| estimates strength of earthquake. based on severity of ground shaking, population, building design |
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Term
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Definition
| estimates the relative size of the earthquake. based on seismic waves. uses seismograph |
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Term
| 1. How many times increase in Wave Amplitude is the earthwuake per increase in number? 2. How much increase is Energy is each unit. |
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Definition
| 1. 10x in amplitude 2. 32x in energy |
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Term
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Definition
| more precise way to meausure earthqueaks. calculated using amplitude and other factors. (more precise) |
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Term
| How does ground shaking move? |
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Definition
| the energy released by an earthquake travels along the surface |
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Term
| What factors affect damage? |
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Definition
| 1. intensity 2. where the structure is built 3. duration of vibrations 4. design of structure |
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Term
| What kind of ground material causes the most damage? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Tsunami. What causes one? what is the first warning? |
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Definition
| large destructive waves. caused by vertical displacement on an ocea floor fault. first warning is rapid water withdrawl. |
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Term
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Definition
| slow, gradual displacement |
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Term
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Definition
| locked behavior followed by slippage |
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Term
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Definition
| instument that records seismic waves |
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Term
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Definition
| info collected from a seismograph |
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Term
| How does a seismograph work? |
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Definition
| there is a stick attached to bedrock. hanging from the stick is a rock & pen. When the ground moves, the rock moves the pen and it records motions. |
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Term
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Definition
| the location on the surface directly above the focus/center of earthquake |
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Term
| How does the interval between P and S waves reflect the distance to the epicenter? |
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Definition
| greater the distance between the P and S wave = greater the distance to the epicenter |
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Term
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Definition
| travels through outer layer. moves up, down and side to side. arrives 3rd |
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Term
| Body Wave- Primary (P Wave) |
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Definition
| travels theough interior. slinky waves. Moves through everything. arrives 1st |
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Term
| Body Wave- Secondary (S Wave) |
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Definition
| travels through interior. transverse wave motion. moves through solids only. arrives 2nd. |
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Term
| How do you locate the epicenter on an earthquake? |
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Definition
- seismogram- look at P & S waves and determine the time difference between them
- look at time travel graph to determine distance between station and earthquake
- need 3 stations
- find distances from stations A B and C
- draw circles (with proper radius) around each station
- find the point where they all meet.
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Term
| How many stations do you need to locate the direction of an epicenter? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is there a relationship between earthquakes and plate boundaries? |
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Definition
| earthquakes happen more by plate boundaries |
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Term
| Why do fires erupt after earthquakes? |
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Definition
| pipes and electrical wires are damaged |
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Term
| To be accepted, what do short range predictions require? |
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Definition
| to be reliable and accurate |
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Term
| what is the time frame for a long range forecast? Why are they useful? |
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Definition
| 30-100 years or more. useful: so you can prepare |
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Term
| How deep can one dig into earths interior? |
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Definition
| 8 miles. 1/500th of the way |
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Term
| What is used as "x-rays" to see the interior of earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to seismic waves as they travel through the interior? |
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Definition
| they are reflected, refracted and diffracted as they go through Earth's interior. |
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Term
| How can the speed of waves give info? |
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Definition
| they can help determine the kind of rock inside earth & how hot it is |
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Term
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Definition
| boundary between the crust and the mantle |
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Term
| what is the difference between longitudinal waves and transverse waves? |
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Definition
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Term
| more amplitude equals _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| waves that require a medium are _____. Three types of those waves are ______, _______ and _______. |
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Definition
| waves that require a medium are Mechanical Waves. Three types of those waves are sound, seismic and ocean. |
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Term
| waves that can go through empty space are ______. 2 examples of those are ______ and _______. |
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Definition
| waves that can go through empty space are electromagnetic waves. 2 examples of those are ultraviolet (UV) rays and infared (IR) waves |
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Term
| What is the EM spectrum from low frequency ---> high frequency |
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Definition
| radio -> micro -> IR -> visible -> UV -> x-rays -> gamma |
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Term
| describe the Modified Mercali Scale. |
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Definition
| Intensity Scale. qualitive observations. least precise. based on peoples reactions. |
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Term
| describe the Richter scale |
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Definition
| quanititave observation. based on wave amplitude and log scale. (amplitude x10 and energy x32) |
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Term
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Definition
| quanititive observations. most precise. based on more than 1 meausurement. |
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