Term
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Definition
| an important human disease caused by an infectious and communicable organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, spread by droplets |
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Term
| How much of the world is infected with TB? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organs can TB include? |
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Definition
| virtually any organ, but the lung is most common |
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Term
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Definition
| The combination of a primary granulomatous lung lesion and an infected hilar lymph node |
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Term
| How long after exposure will you test positive with a TB skin test? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is miliary tuberculosis? |
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Definition
| Widespread infection with multiple organ involvement |
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Term
| What happens if the infection is succesfully interupted? |
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Definition
| lesion heals and undergo's calcification, if not the bacteria will spread |
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Term
| Who is primary pulmonary Tb mostly seen in? |
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Definition
| most often in infants and children; however, cavitation is rare in these age groups |
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Term
| How is Tb different in young people than adults? |
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Definition
| lymph node involvement not as common in young people |
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Term
| What is the usual form of disease found in adults? What happens? |
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Definition
| secondary TB, reactivation of the lesion occurs, infection relapses |
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Term
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Definition
-progressive primary TB
-cavitary disease
-pleurisy and pleural effusion -meningitis
-disseminated or miliary TB |
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Term
| How many people who develop TB die? |
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Definition
| 5-10%, kills much more young people than AIDs |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of primary TB? |
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Definition
-include cough
-lassitude and malaise
-anorexia
-unexplained weight loss
-night sweats, and fever
**positive skin test and radiograph test** |
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Term
| What is the sputum like with progressive disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are lab tests directed towards? |
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Definition
| finding out if it is active or latent TB |
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Term
| When is is considered active? |
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Definition
| a positive acid-fast bacillus sputum smear, a history of cough and weight loss, and characteristic chest radiographic findings |
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Term
| What are the radiographic findings in TB like? |
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Definition
| patchy or lobular infiltrates in the apical posterior segments of the upper lobes or in the middle or lower lobes, with cavitation and hilar adenopathy in active “progressive primary” TB |
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Term
| Healed primary lesions have a... |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two tests used for latent TB? |
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Definition
1.The tuberculin (Mantoux) skin test (TST)-measures delayed hypersensitiviy in 48-72 hours, 95% accurate
2.Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)-measure immune reactivity to white blood cells infected with M. tuberculosis |
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Term
| What are some public health measures used for TB? |
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Definition
-Screening close contacts for the disease
-Hospitalizing patients with potentially infectious TB
-Treating infected patients in isolation rooms with negative air pressure |
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Term
| What is the most threatening aspect of TB? |
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Definition
| multiple drug resistance, seen in HIV patients |
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Term
| Asymptomatic patients in whom skin testing (or IGRA) yielded a negative result that when repeated converted to positive are considered... |
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Definition
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Term
| **All patients should be treated as though they are potentially infectious, and the CDC’s standard precautions for infection control should be strictly followed** |
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Definition
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Term
| Are we at high risk for occupational exposure to TB? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 categories of TB? |
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Definition
1.Active TB(ONLY treated in hospital setting)
2.A history of TB(MED CON,requires an initial careful workup to investigate infectivity status before any dental treatment is contemplated)
3.A positive tuberculin test
4.Signs or symptoms suggestive of TB |
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Term
| A child with active TB who is receiving chemotherapy usually... |
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Definition
| can be treated as an outpatient, because bacteria is usually not found in sputum (considered noninfectious until positive sputum, biggest concern is where they got it) |
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Term
| Replase is BLANK in properly treated patients with TB. |
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Definition
-rare
-people who are immunocompromised or those who did not recieve adequate treatment can relapse |
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Term
| Person with positive skin test should be viewed as... |
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Definition
| having been infected with bacteria, need tests to see if it is active or latent, if latent we can treat them |
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Term
| Isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide therapy cause what? |
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Definition
-hepatotoxicity and elevations in serum aminotransferases
**When serum aminotransferases are elevated in patients taking isoniazid, acetaminophen-containing medication should be avoided** |
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Term
| What does Rifampin induce? |
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Definition
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Term
| Routine treatment must be BLANK in those who are infectious. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some oral manifestations of TB? |
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Definition
-The classic mucosa lesion is a painful, deep, irregular ulcer on the dorsum of the tongue (may be on palate, lips, buccal mucosa, gingiva also)
-osteomyelitis(from bacteria entering jaws)
-scrofula |
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Term
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Definition
| The cervical and submandibular lymph nodes become infected with TB |
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