Term
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Definition
a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by reversible episodes of increased airway hyperresponsiveness resulting in recurrent episodes of dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing
-bronchial lung tissue sensitive to stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| not sure, but genetics and environment play a role |
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Term
| What are the 4 categories of asthma triggers? |
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Definition
1.Extrinsic (allergic or atopic)
2.Intrinsic (idiosyncratic, nonallergic, or nonatopic)
3.Drug-induced
4.Exercise-induced |
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Term
| What is the most common form of asthma? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is intrinsic asthma usually seen in? |
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Definition
| middle age from stress or emotional trauma, gastrointestionaly reflux disese, etc. |
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Term
| How can food and drugs cause asthma? |
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Definition
| The buildup of sulfur dioxide in the bronchial tree precipitates an acute asthma attack, metasulfites in food |
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Term
| What causes exercise induced asthma? |
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Definition
| Thermal changes during inhalation of cold air provoke mucosal irritation and airway hyperactivity |
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Term
| What is infectious asthma? |
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Definition
| asthma caused by inflammatory response to a bronchial infection |
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Term
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Definition
| mucous and bronchial spasms block airway |
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Term
| What is Status asthmaticus? |
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Definition
| a prolonged and severe asthma attack(>24 hours) |
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Term
| How quickly do peak symptoms of asthma attack occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is diagnostic testing important? |
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Definition
| to make sure it is not another serious respiratory disease |
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Term
| Is there a specific test for asthma? |
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Definition
| No, but Spirometry is often used |
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Term
| Patients with chronic asthma are classified as? |
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Definition
| intermediate or persistent disease |
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Term
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Definition
| have symptoms once per week but less than once daily and an FEV1 greater than 80% |
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Term
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Definition
| have FEV1 greater than 60% but less than 80% and daily symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
Frequent exacerbations
Exercise intolerance
FEV1 less than 60%
Use of several medications
History of visits to an emergency facility for treatment of acute attacks |
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Term
What are the first line drugs for asthma?
Second line? |
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Definition
irst line-inhaled anti-inflammatory agents
second line and always for intermediate asthma -β-adrenergic agonists |
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Term
| What are the most effective anti-inflammatory medications currently available for the treatment of persistent asthma? |
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Definition
| inhaled corticosteriods(often are used in combination with long-acting β2-adrenergic bronchodilators) |
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Term
| What is the drug of choice for relief of acute asthma attacks? |
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Definition
| inhaled short-acting β2-adrenergic agonists (fast and open airways, relax smooth muscles) |
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Term
| What may be used to prevent exercise induced bronchospasm? |
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Definition
Β2-adrenergic agonists, cromolyn sodium (Intal), and nedocromil
**take 30 mins before activity** |
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Term
| Which asthma patients is a med con needed? |
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Definition
| severe and unstable asthma |
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Term
| What is a good way to prevent an asthma attack? |
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Definition
| for the patient to use their inhaler right before treatment starts |
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Term
| Who can epinephrine not be used in? |
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Definition
| ashtma that is moderate or severe, possible reaction to sulfites |
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Term
| What medications are contridicted for asthma patients? |
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Definition
-aspirin-containing medication
-NSAIDs
-Barbiturates and narcotics
-antihistimines(drying effect)
-taking theophylline preparations should not be given macrolide antibiotics or ciprofloxacin hydrochloride |
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Term
| How do we treat severe asthma attacks? |
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Definition
| use of subcutaneous injections of epinephrine or inhalation of epinephrine is the most potent and fastest-acting method for relieving bronchial constriction |
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Term
| Oral manifestations of asthma patients |
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Definition
-Nasal symptoms, allergic rhinitis, and mouth breathing are common with extrinsic asthma
-Meds: candidiasis, xerostomia, GERD |
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Term
| what is triad asthmaticus? |
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Definition
| sensitivity to aspirin with people who have asthma who develop pansinusitis and nasal polyps |
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