Term
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Definition
| A chemical secreted by a cell or group of cells into the blood for transport to a distant target, where its effective at very low concentrations |
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Term
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Definition
| an indicator of how long a hormone is active in the body |
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Term
| How is a hormone inactivated? |
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Definition
| Degradation of peptide hormones in plasma bound to cell membrane receptors |
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Term
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Definition
Made in advance
Released through exocytosis
Dissolved in plasma
Short half-life
Receptor on cell membrane
Activates 2nd messenger systems; maybe genes
Modifies existing proteins & induction of new synthesis
Ex. insulin, parathyroid |
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Term
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Definition
Synthesized on demand
Release from simple diffusion
Bound to carrier proteins
Long half-life
Receptor on cytoplasm or nucleus
Activation of genes for transcription and translation
Induction of new protein synthesis
Ex. Estrogen, androgen, cortisol |
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Term
| Amine Hormones (Catecholamines) |
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Definition
same as peptide hormones
Ex. Epinephrine, Norepinephrine |
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Term
| Amine Hormones (Thyroid Hormone) |
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Definition
Same as steroid hormones
Ex. Thyroxine (T4) |
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Term
| Peptide Hormone --> Activated Hormone |
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Definition
Ribosomes on mRNA bind to amino acids creating a PREHORMONE
PREHORMONE goes into the ER
ER chops off a piece creating inactive PROHORMONE
PROHORMONE passes from ER to Golgi
Secretory vesicles containing enzymes and prohormone bud off the golgi. The enzymes chop the prohormone into one or more ACTIVE peptides.
Secretory vesicles release its contents via exocytosis.
Hormones moves via circulation. |
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Term
| Location of Steroid hormones |
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Definition
| Adrenal cortex and adrenal glands |
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Term
| Location of Peptide Hormones |
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Definition
| Tissues throughout the body |
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Term
| Chemical for steroid hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical for peptide hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do steroid proteins need to be synthesized on demand? |
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Definition
| They are lipophilic and diffuse easily |
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Term
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Definition
True endocrine gland of epitheliai origin
Neurons synthesize trophic neurotransmitters & release them into the Portal System.
Portal Vessels carry the trophic neurohormones directly to the Anterior Pituitary, where they act on endocrine cells.
Endocrine cells release their peptide hormones into the second set of capillaries into the body to 6 targets |
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Term
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Definition
Neural Tissue
Neurohormone is packaged in cell body.
Vesicle in transported down the cell.
Vesicles containing neurohormone are stored in posterior pituitary.
Neurohormones are released into the blood via 2 hormomones |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that controls the secretion of another hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more hormones interact at their targets so that the combination yields a result that's greater than the additive. |
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Term
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Definition
| One hormone cannot fully exert its effects unless a second hormone is present |
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Term
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Definition
| One hormone opposing the other |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone that is easily identified |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormones secreted by neurons |
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Term
| Hormone regulated by positive feedback |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Milk ejection
Labor and Delivery
Water Reabsorption |
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Term
| Hormones of Anterior Pituitary and function |
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Definition
Prolactin- Milk production
Growth hormone- growth secretion & metabolism
Corticotropin (ACTH)- cortisol release
Thyrotropin (TSH)- thyroid hormone release
Follicle stimulating hormone- egg/sperm production
Luteinizing hormone- sex hormone production |
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Term
| Hormones of Pituitary gland and function |
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Definition
Oxytocin- milk ejection; labor/delivery; behavior
Vasopressin- Water reabsoprtion |
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