Term
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Definition
| a statement that reflects the research question |
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Term
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Definition
| research statement that assumes there is no statistically significant differences between the groups being studied |
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Term
| what is a key phrase that identifies a null hypothesis? |
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Definition
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| What makes an instrument calibrated? |
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Definition
| they both being valid and reliable |
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Definition
| gathering data that is intended to be gathered |
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Definition
| consistency and stability of the data |
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Term
| What is interrater reliability? |
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Definition
| two or more examiners being in agreement with their findings |
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Term
| What is intrarater reliability? |
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Definition
| one examiner being consistent with the findings previously recorded by the same examiner |
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Term
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Definition
| can be defined as the entire group or whole unit of individuals having similar characteristics from which the results of an investigation can be referred |
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Term
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Definition
| the word used in regard to numeric characteristics of the population |
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Term
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Definition
| the population from whom the information is being collected |
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Definition
| portion or subset of the entire population that can provide meaningful information about the population as a whole |
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Definition
| used when discussing numeric characteristics of a sample |
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Definition
| a trial run for a major study |
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Term
| Which method of sampling has the most external validity? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is stratified sampling? |
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Definition
| contains subdivisions of a population with similar characteristics, the random selection of two or more strata of the population |
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Term
| What is systematic sampling? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is purposive (judgmental sampling? |
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Definition
| provides a sample through personal judgement of which subjects would be most representative of the population |
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Term
| What is convenience sampling? |
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Definition
| group of individuals who are most readily available to be subjects in the study |
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Term
| What is the experimental and control groups? |
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Definition
experimental- group that receives experimental treatment or intervention
control-group that does not receive treatment |
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Term
| What is the independent variable? |
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Definition
| the experimental treatment imposed on the experimental group |
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Term
| What is the dependent variable? |
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Definition
| depends on or caused by the IV |
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Term
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Definition
| has only one of a limited set of values and are counted only in whole numbers |
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Term
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Definition
| measurements made from a particular value within a defined range |
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Term
| Which type of data is qualitative? Which type is quantitative? |
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Definition
qual- discrete
quan- continuous |
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Term
| What are the two scales of measurement for discrete data? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the scales of measurement for continuous data? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are nominal scales of measurement? |
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Definition
| consist of named categories with no order (ex: females cat A, males cat B) |
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Term
| What are ordinal scales of measurement? |
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Definition
| categories of varibles in order but there is no defined distance between them (stages of cancer) |
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Term
| What is the interval scale of measurement? |
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Definition
| scales of measurement have equal distance between variables but there is no zero point(ex temp on farenheit thermometer) |
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Term
| What is ratio measurement? |
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Definition
| have equal distances between the variables but there is a meaningful zero point(ex height and weight) |
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Term
| Which type of measurement is the most powerful? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the measurements in order of least to most powerful. |
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Definition
1.nominal(named categories only)
2.ordinal(same as normal+categories are in order)
3.Interval(same as ordinal+equal intervals between categories)
4.Ratio(same as interval+meaninful or true zero point) |
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Term
| What are descriptive statistics? |
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Definition
| used to describe and summarize data |
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Term
| What are inferential statistics? |
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Definition
| used to apply information from the sample to a larger population |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| score that occurs most frequently |
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Term
| Where are the median and mode on a positively(right) skewed distribution? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
highest-lowest= range
100-1= 99 |
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Term
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Definition
| way of figuring out the way individual variables are located around the mean, used to measure interval and ratio variables |
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Term
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Definition
| (each data point-mean)squared all added together/total # of data points |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The further away the data point is from the standard deviation the BLANK it is. |
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Definition
| The further away the data point is from the standard deviation the higher it is. |
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Term
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Definition
| method of determining of a variation in one variable may be related to a variation in another (ex age and periodontal disease, your chances for perio increases with age) |
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Term
| perfect positive correlation is shown by BLANK, prefect negative is BLANK, no correlation is BLANK |
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Definition
-perfect positive is +1.0
-perfect negative is -1.0
-no correlation is 0 |
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Term
| A correlation coefficient above BLANK is considered satisfactory. |
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Definition
| 0.70(the closer it is to 1 the more perfect or stronger the correlation) |
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Term
| Which types of data is a bar graph used to display? |
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Definition
| nominal and ordinal that are discrete in nature |
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Term
| What does a frequency polygon do? |
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Definition
| used to represent data that are continuous in nature, points are connected |
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Term
| What us a histogram used to represent? |
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Definition
| interval or ratio scaled variables that are continuous in nature, bars touch |
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Term
| When are parametric statistics used? |
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Definition
| when the data includes interval or ratio scales of measurement, works best when sample is large and randomized |
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Term
| In a normal distribution, BLANK% of the population lies within 1 SD of the mean. BLANK% is within 2, BLANK% within 3 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a test used to calculate parametric statistics, used to analyze the difference between 2 means |
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Term
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Definition
| another test used to test for parametrics, analysis of varience, used to analyze 2 or more sample means and compares interactions among the variability in the multiple sample groups |
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Term
| What are nonparametric inferential statistical techniques used for? |
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Definition
| useful for data to be measured on the nominal or ordinal scale, qualitative, fewer assumptions about the population |
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Term
| What is the most commonly used nonparametric test? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a chi-squared test used to measure? |
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Definition
| analyze questionnaire data and to determine whether a relationship exists between two variables |
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Term
| What is a power analysis? |
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Definition
| determining how many subjects are needed to provide significance |
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Term
| What are confidence intervals? |
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Definition
| hoe researches describe the probability of the statistical results being correct |
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Term
| A 95% confidence interval indicates what? |
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Definition
| indicates a probability that the research is wrong 5 times out of 100 |
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Term
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Definition
| states how likely it is that the study could have come to a false scientific conclusion |
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Term
| A normally acceptable p value is? |
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Definition
| <0.5, the less it is the more significant the study is, rejects the null hypothesis |
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Term
| What are type I alpha errors? |
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Definition
| whent he researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is true |
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Term
| What are type II beta errors? |
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Definition
| null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually false (states that no relationship exists when one actually does) |
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