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| City or city-state often self governed by its citizens, as were the ancient greeks |
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| a specified majority of the voters, almost 70% (for the constitution this was 9 of 13 states) |
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Second cousin of John Adams
Organized the Boston Tea Party
signed the decleration of independence but was opposed to a strong federal government |
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| political group that was against the ratification of the constitution |
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1st secretary of treasury
founder of the federalist party
championed a strong central government |
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| political group taht was for the ratification of the constitution |
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Governor of Virginia
at first refused to sign the constitution and then later was a large supporter of it |
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president of the continental congress
co-wrote the Federalist (w/ hamilton and madison) |
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essays published in New York, expressly for the purpose of gaining support for the constitution
(Jay, Hamilton, Madison) |
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| Fundamental rights that the government cannot take away, and are bound to protect. |
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| Rights defined using narrow, concrete language, full of specific terms and qualifiers |
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| natural rights that don't claim an "is" so much as an "ought" about the world-the way that world should be. |
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| laws passed by congress in 1798 to try to stifle the "seditious" writings of French propagandists against the neutrality of the United States with regards to the French and British War. |
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| Supreme court case in which judicial review was established |
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| The authority of a court to hear certain kinds of cases first instead of wating for those cases to be tried in a lower court. |
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| Congressional act passed in 1789 to form the federal court system and to authorize writs of mandamus. |
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| The time betwen the election of a new political opfficial and when they take office. Refeers specifically to the outgoing offical's frequent lack of influence or power during that period. |
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| Judiciary appointments of federalist judges made by federalist president John Adams shortly before he left office, in response to the Democratic0Republican victory in the Congress and Presidency. |
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| A "Midnight Appointment" by John Adams. Marbury sued Secretary of State James Madison for delivery of his commission, which was being withheld by order of Pres. Jefferson. |
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| a court document forcing an action by a certain party. |
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| Power of the Supreme court to rule on constitutionality of laws. |
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