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| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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| respiratory distress syndrome |
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| registered respiratory therapist |
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| severe acute respiratory syndrome |
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| sudden infant death syndrome |
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| temperature, pulse, and respiration |
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| upper respiratory infection |
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| lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately; also called asphyxiation or suffocation; |
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| withdrawing fluid from body cavity using suction; |
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| disease caused by various conditions, like allergens; results in constriction of bronchial airways, dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing; can cause violent spasms of bronchi (bronchospasms) but is generally not life-threatening; medication can be very effective |
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| alveoli in portion of lung collapse; prevents respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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| abnormal enlargement of bronchi; may be result of lung infection; irreversible and results in destruction of bronchial walls; major symptoms include coughing up large amount of purulent sputum, rales, and hemoptysis |
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| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
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| progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible group of conditions, like emphysema, in which lungs have diminished capacity for inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation); may have dyspnea upon exertion and cough |
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| abnormal widening and thickening of ends of fingers and toes associated with chronic oxygen deficiency; |
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| bluish tint of skin that is receiving insufficient amount of oxygen or circulation |
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| condition characterized by destruction of walls of alveoli; results in fewer overexpanded air sacs; |
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| cough up blood or blood-stained sputum |
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| breathing both too fast (tachypnea) and too deep (hyperpnea) |
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| breathing both too slow (bradypnea) and too shallow (hypopnea) |
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| branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of internal organs such as respiratory system; physician is an internist |
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| two-pronged plastic device for delivering oxygen into nose; one prong is inserted into each naris |
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| dyspnea that is worsened by lying flat; patient is able to breath easier when sitting straight up |
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| otorhinolaryngology (ENT) |
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| branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of ear, nose, and throat region; also called otolaryngology; physician is otorhinolaryngologist |
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| open or unblocked, such as patent airway |
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| use of fingertips to tap on surface to determine condition beneath surface; determined by feel of surface as it is tapped and sound generated |
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| thick mucus secreted by membranes that line respiratory tract; when phlegm is coughed through mouth, it is called sputum; examined for color, odor, and consistency |
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| accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity; prevents lungs from fully expanding; |
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| inflammation of pleura; characterized by sharp chest pain with each breath; also called pleuritis |
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| inflammatory condition of lung that can be caused by bacterial and viral infections, diseases, and chemicals; results in filling of alveoli and air spaces fluid |
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| lung tissue retains excessive amount of fluid, especially in alveoli; results in dyspnea |
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| blood clot or air bubble in pulmonary artery or one of its branches; may cause infarct in lung tissue |
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| formation of fibrous scar tissue in lungs; leads to decreased ability to expand lungs; may be caused by infections, pneumoconiosis, autoimmune diseases, and toxin exposure |
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| branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of respiratory system; physician is a pulmonologist |
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| allied health specialty that assists patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders; duties of respiratory therapist include conducting pulmonary function tests, monitoring oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in blood, administering breathing treatments, and ventilator management |
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| shortness of breath (SOB) |
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| indicates that patient is having some difficulty breathing; also called dyspnea; causes can range from mild SOB after exercise to SOB associated with heart disease |
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| condition in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep long enough to cause drop in oxygen levels in blood |
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| mucus or phlegm coughed up from lining of the respiratory tract |
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| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) |
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| unexpected and unexplained death of apparently well infant under one year of age; child suddenly stops breathing for unknown reasons |
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| infectious disease caused by bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; commonly affects respiratory system; causes inflammation and calcification in lungs; |
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| medication suspended in mist that is intended to be inhaled; delivered by nebulizer, which delivers mist for period of time while patient breaths or a metered dose inhaler (MDI), which delivers a single puff of mist |
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| testing for gases present in blood; used to assist in determining levels of oxygen (ABGs) (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in blood |
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| visual examination of inside of bronchi; uses instrument called |
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| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) |
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| emergency treatment provided by persons trained in CPR and given to patients when their respirations and heart stop; CPR provides oxygen to brain, heart, and other vital organs until medical treatment can restore normal heart and pulmonary function |
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| radiographic picture of lungs and heart from the back and sides |
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| placing tube through mouth, through glottis, and into trachea to create patent airway |
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| technique for removing foreign body from trachea or pharynx by exerting diaphragmatic pressure |
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| examination of interior of larynx with lighted instrument called laryngoscope |
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| measures oxygen level in blood using an oximeter, placed on patient’s fingertip or ear lobe |
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| drainage of secretions from bronchi by placing patient in position that uses gravity to promote drainage; used for treatment of cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis |
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| group of diagnostic tests that give information regarding air flow in and out of lungs, lung volumes, and gas exchange between lungs and bloodstream |
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| procedure to measure lung capacity using a spirometer |
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| surgical puncture of chest wall for removal of fluids; also called thoracocentesis |
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| insertion of tube into chest for purpose of draining off fluid or air; also called chest tube |
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| surgical procedure often performed in emergency that creates opening directly into trachea; allows patient to breathe easier; also called tracheotomy |
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| machine that provides artificial ventilation for patient unable to breathe on his or her own; also called a respirator |
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| kills bacteria causing respiratory infections |
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| blocks effects of histamine that has been released by body during allergy attack |
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| relaxes muscle spasms in bronchial tubes; treats asthma |
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| reduces stuffiness and congestion throughout respiratory system |
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| improves ability to cough up mucus from respiratory tract |
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| liquefies mucus so it is easier to cough and clear from respiratory tract |
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