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| Preserved remains or traces of living things. |
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| A hollow area is sediment that is in the shape of an organism or part of an organism. A mold forms when the organism is buried in sediment and water later deposits minerals and sediment into a mold. |
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| Fossils in which minerals replace all of an organism, or part. |
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| An extremely thin coating of carbon on rock. When sediment buries an organism, some gases escape from the sediment, leaving carbon behind. Eventually, only a thin film of carbon remains. This process can preserve the delicate parts of plant leaves and insects. |
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| provide evidence of the activities of ancient organisms. A fossilized foot-print is one example. |
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| Scientists who study fossils. |
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| The change of living things over time. |
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| An organism that no longer exists. |
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| An organism that no longer exists. |
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| A rock's age compared to the ages of other rocks. |
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| The number of years that have passed since a rock formed. |
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| States that in undisturbed horizontal sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layer is at the bottom. Each layer is younger than he layers below it. |
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| Lava that hardens on the SURFACE and forms igneous rock. |
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| Magma cools and hardens into a mass of igneous rock BELOW the surface. |
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| A break in Earth's crust. |
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| A fossil which is widely distributed and represents an organism that existed for a geologically short period of time. This helps geologists determine which rock layers are the same age if the fossil appears in two layers. |
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| A gap in the geologic record. Shows where rock layers fave been lost due to erosion. |
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| A process in which elements break down, or decay, over time. These elements release particles and energy. These elements are said to be radioactive. |
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| The time it takes for half of a radioactive element's atoms to decay. |
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| A record of the geologic events and the evolution of life forms as shown in the fossil record. |
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| A ball of dust, gas, and ice that orbits the sun. |
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| Animals without backbones such as jellyfish, worms, and sponges. |
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| An animal with a backbone. Jawless fish with sucker-like mouths were the first vertebrates. |
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| An animal that lives part of its life on land and part in water. |
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| Have scaly skin and lay eggs that have tough, leathery shells. |
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| When many types of living things become extinct at the same time. |
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| A vertebrate that can control its body temperature and feeds milk to its young. |
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