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| a substance that can't be broken down into simpler chemical substances |
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| the smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element |
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| positively charged center of an atom made of positively charged protons and neutrons without a charge, and surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons |
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| atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
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| a substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined |
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| the force that holds two atoms that are SHARING electrons together |
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| a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds and having no overall charge |
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| the attractive force between two ions of opposite charge |
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| all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
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| a combination of substances in which the individual components retain their own properties |
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| a mixture in which one or more substances (solutes) are distributed evenly in another substance (solvent) |
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| a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is |
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| any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water |
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| any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water |
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| a molecule with an unequal distribution of charge; that is, each molecule has a positive end and a negative end |
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| weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms |
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| the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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| condition in which there is continuous movement but no overall concentration change |
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| compounds that have the same simple formula but different three-dimensional structures |
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| a large molecule formed when MANY smaller molecules bond together |
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| an organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a ratio of about two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom for every carbon atom |
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| organic compounds that have a large proportion of C-H bonds and less oxygen than carbohydrates |
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| a large, complex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur; provides structure for tissues and organs and helps carry out cell metabolism |
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| basic building blocks of protein molecules |
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| the covalent bond formed between the amino acids |
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| a protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction |
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| a complex macro-molecule that stores cellular information in the form of a code |
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| smaller subunits that form nucleic acids which are polymers; they consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms arranged in three groups-a base, a simple sugar, and a phosphate group. |
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