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Definition
| the processes by which the internal structure of a mineral is altered by the removal and/or addition of elements |
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Definition
| the end products of weathering and are very stable under surface conditions. They make up the highest percentage of the inorganic material in soils. The most abundant sedimentary rock (shale) contains a high proportion of this |
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Definition
| the chemical alteration of something |
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Definition
| the physical way that a rock breaks, not chemical |
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Definition
| the incorporation and transportation of material by a mobile agent, such as water, wind, or ice |
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Definition
| the mechanical breakup of rock caused by the expansion of freezing water in cracks and crevices |
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Definition
| a chemical weathering process in which minerals are altered by chemically reacting with water and acids |
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Definition
| the remaining rock after spheroidal weathering that is affected. An accumulation of angular, coarse-grained fragments. |
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Definition
| the physical disintegration of rock, resulting in smaller fragments |
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Definition
| the removal of one or more electrons from an atom or ion. So named because elements commonly combine with oxygen. One kind of chemical weathering |
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Definition
| any weathering process that tends to produce a spherical shape from an initially blocky shape. Sharp egdes turn into rounded ones |
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Definition
| the accumulation of weathered debris. A combination of mineral and organic matter, water, and air – the portion of the regolith that supports the growth of plants |
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Definition
| an accumulation of rock debris at the base of a cliff. In mountainous areas, frost wedging creates angular rock fragments that accumulate to form these kind of slopes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a rock that dissolves? What is its result? |
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Definition
| Limestone dissolves and form caves |
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Term
What are the four elements of granite?
What happens to each of them when they undergo chemical weathering? |
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Definition
Quartz: stable and not affected
Muscovite: stable and not affected
Biotite: oxidizes
Feldspars: hydrolize to form clay |
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Term
What are the detrital minerals derived from the disintegration of other rocks?
What is their order from most common to least common? |
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Definition
Quartz
Muscovite
Orthoclase
Plagioclase
Biotite
Amphibole
Pyroxene
Olivine |
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Term
| The weathering of plagioclase to form kaolinite is known as _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The zone of weathered rock at or close to the surface of the earth. The thickness of the regolith varies from close to zero in desert areas to hundreds of feet in equatorial forests |
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Term
| What are the new minerals derived from the decomposition of other rocks (sedimentary)? |
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Definition
Clays
Hematite
Calcite
Dolomite
Chert
Gypsum
Halite |
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Term
| What is the product of frost wedging? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two types of chemical weathering? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the ranks of coal from lowest to highest? |
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Definition
Peat
Lignite
Bituminous Coal
Anthracite |
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Term
| What are the three sedimentary rocks that form when seas and lakes evaporate? |
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Definition
| Limestone, gypsum, and halite |
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Term
| What are the four minerals that are oxidized? |
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Definition
Olivine
Pyroxene
Hornblende (amphibole)
Biotite |
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Term
| What are associated with hydrolysis? |
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Definition
| The feldspars, plagioclase, orthoclase, kaolinite |
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