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| The size of the geographic area that is normally occupied and used by a social group. |
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| The study of behavior that focuses on the adaptive value of behavior from an ecological and evolutionary perspective. |
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| A behavior that has been favored by natural selection and that increases an individual's fitness. |
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| The study of how characteristics of an organism's life cycle affects reproduction, focusing on trade-offs between energy expended for numbers and fitness of offspring. |
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| Parental behaviors that increase the probability that offspring will survive. |
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| An exclusive sexual bond between an adult male and an adult female for a long period of time. |
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| A sexual bond between an adult male and an adult female in which either individual may have more than one mate at the same time. |
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| An individual that cares for an infant but is not a biological parent. |
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| One-Male/One-Female Group |
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Definition
| A social structure in which the primary social group consists of a single adult male, a single adult female, and their immature offspring. |
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| One-Male/Multifemale Group |
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Definition
| A social structure in which the primary social group consists of a single adult male, several adult females, and their immature offspring. |
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| One-Female/Multimale group |
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Definition
| A social structure in which the primary social structure consists of a single adult female, several adult males, and their immature offspring. |
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| Multimale/Multifemale Group |
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Definition
| The most common type of social group in nonhuman primates, consisting of several adult males, several adult females, and their immature offspring. |
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| Friendly behaviors that promote social bonds. |
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| Unfriendly social relationships. |
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| The handling and cleaning of another individual's fur. In primates, grooming serves as a form of communication and provides reassurance. |
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| The concept that altruistic behavior can be selected for if it increases the probability of survival of close relatives. |
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| The concept that altruistic behaviors will be directed toward nonkin if they increase the probability that the recipient will reciprocate at some future time. |
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| The ranking system within a society that indicates which individuals are dominant in social behaviors. |
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| The average difference in body size between adult males and adult females. |
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| A home range that is actively defended. |
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| An environment consisting of open grasslands in which food resources tend to be spread out over large areas. |
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Definition
| A method of movement that uses the arms to swing from branch to branch. |
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Definition
| A form of movement used by gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos that is characterized by all four limbs touching the ground, with the weight of the arms resting on the knuckles of the hands. |
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Definition
| A primate society in which the population splits into smaller subgroups at times (fission) and then later reunites (fusion). The process is affected by the distribution of food resources. |
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