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Definition
| The mental processes that enable you to retain and retrieve information over time. |
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| The process of transforming information into a form that can be entered into and retained by the memory system. |
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| The process of retaining information in memory so that it can be used at a later time. |
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| The process of recovering information stored in memory so that we are consciously aware of it. |
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| A model describing memory as consisting of three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. |
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| The stage of memory that registers information from the environment and holds it for a very brief period of time. (1/4 of a second to 3 seconds) Large capacity for information. With attention and focus, sensory memory becomes short-term memory. Like a camera, and it fades fast. |
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| The active stage of memory in which information is stored for up to about 20 seconds. Also called working memory. New information is transferred from Sensory Memory. Old information is retrieved from Long-Term Memory. Limited capacity for information. With encoding and storage, short-term can become long-term memory. |
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| The stage of memory that represents the long-term storage of information. Unlimited capacity for information. Is potentially permanent. If you don't use it, you can lose it. |
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| Conducted experiments with short-term visual memory. 12 letters on a screen, with a tone or without a tone. |
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| The mental or verbal repitition of information in order to maintain it beyond the usual 20 second duration of short term memory. |
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| Increasing the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory by grouping related items together into a single unit, or chunk. |
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| The temporary storage and active, conscious manipulation of information needed for complex cognitive tasks, such as reasoning, learning, and problem solving. What you use when you engage in problem solving, reasoning, language comprehension, and mental comparisons. |
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| Rehearsal that involves focusing on the meaning of information to help encode and transfer it to long-term memory. |
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| Category of long-term memory that includes memories of different skills, operations and actions. |
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| Category of long-term memory that includes memories of particular events. |
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| Category of long-term memory that includes memories of general knowledge, concepts, facts and names. |
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| Information or knowledge that can be consciously recollected; also called declarative memory. |
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| Information or knowledge that affects behavior or task performance but cannot be consciously recollected; also called non-declarative memory. |
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Definition
| Organizing items into related groups during recall from long-term memory. |
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| A model that describes units of information in long-term memory as being organized in a complex network of associations. |
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Definition
| The process of accessing stored information. |
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Definition
| A clue, prompt, or hint that helps trigger recall of a given piece of information stored in long-term memory. |
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Definition
| The inability to recall long-term memories because of inadequate or missing retrieval cues. |
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Term
| Tip-Of-The-Tongue (TOT) Experience |
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Definition
| A memory phenomenon that involves the sensation of knowing that specific information is stored in long-term memory, but being temporarily unable to retrieve it. |
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Definition
| A test of long-term memory that involves retrieving information without the aid of retrieval cues; also called free recall. |
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Definition
| A test of long-term memory that involves remembering an item of information in response to a retrieval cue. |
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Definition
| A test of long-term memory that involves identifying correct information out of several possible choices. |
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Definition
| The tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list better than items in the middle. |
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Term
| Encoding Specificity Principle |
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Definition
| The principle that when the conditions of information retrieval are similar to the conditions of information encoding, retrieval is more likely to be successful. |
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Definition
| The tendency to recover information more easily when the retrieval occurs in the same setting as the original learning of the information. |
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Definition
| An encoding specificity phenomenon in which a given mood tends to evoke memories that are consistent with that mood. |
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Definition
| The recall of very specific images or details surrounding a very vivid, rare, or significant personal event; details may or may not be accurate. |
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Definition
| The inability to recall information that was previously available. |
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Definition
| The inability to recall specific information because of insufficient encoding of the information for storage in long-term memory. |
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| Remembering to do something in the future. |
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| The view that fogetting is due to normal metabolic processes that occur in the brain over time. |
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| A memory illusion characterized by brief but intense feelings of familiarity in a situation that has never been experienced before. |
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| Source Memory or Source Monitoring |
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Definition
| Memory for when, where, and how a particular experience or piece of information was acquired. |
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Definition
| A memory-distortion phenomenon in which a person's existing memories can be altered if the person is exposed to misleading information. |
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Definition
| A memory distortion that occurs when the true source of the memory is forgotten. |
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| A distorted or fabricated recollection of something that did not actually occur. |
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| An organized cluster of information about a particular topic. |
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| A schema for the typical sequence of an everyday event. |
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| A memory phenomenon in which vividly imagining an even markedly increases confidence that the even actually occurred. |
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| The hypothetical brain changes associated with a particular stored memory. |
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Definition
| A long-lasting increase in synaptic strength between two neurons. |
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Definition
| Loss of memory, especially for episodic information; backward-acting amnesia. |
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Definition
| The gradual, physical process of converting new long-term memories to stable, enduring memory codes. |
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Definition
| Loss of memory caused by the inability to store new memories; forward acting amnesia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Progressive deterioration and impairment of memory, reasoning, and other cognitive functions occurring as the result of a disease or condition. |
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Definition
| A progressive disease that destroys the brain's neurons, gradually impairing memory, thinking, language, and other cognitive functions, resulting in the complete inability to care for oneself; the most common cause of dementia. |
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