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| helped to write the Articles of the Constitution, Federalist |
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| (1798) laws adopted by Federalists. Naturalization Act- a number of years to qualify for U.S. citizenship from 5 to 14. Alien Acts-president could deport aliens considered dangerous and detain any enemy aliens in timer of war; Sedition Act-illegal for newspaper editors to criticize the president of Congress(imposed heavy penalties, fines or punishments for violating) |
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| (1786) Annapolis, MD; delegates from 5 states attended. James Madison and Alexander Hamilton decided to revise Articles (to improve commercial relations with states) |
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| opponents of Constitution; mostly small farmers and settlers on western frontier [leaders-George Mason+Patrick Henry (VA) James Winthrop and John Hancock(MA), George Clinton(NY)] poorly organized, slow response to Federalist challenge, against strong central govt. , no bill of rights |
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| (1794) U.S. army led by Gen. Anthony Wayne defeated Shawnee, wyandot, and other Native Americans north west of OH; Treaty of Greenville- chiefs open OH to settlement next year |
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| adopted 1791, 1st Congress adopted amendments in 1789 drafted by James Madison and adopted by states |
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| prevent only 1 branch from dominating |
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| allowed Congress to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, including placing tariffs (taxes) on foreign imports; prohibited on exports |
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| Connecticut Plan/Great Compromise |
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| 2-house congress, equal representation in senate, House of Rep. based on population of state |
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| legislative branch, day to day decisions |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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| summer 1787, delegates meet in Philadelphia to revise the articles of Confederation |
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| opposed Federalist, supported Jefferson to elect candidates in different states opposing Hamilton |
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| French minister to U.S., appealed to Americans to support France in French Revolution married and became U.S. citizen |
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| head of one of executive departments, attorney general |
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| made to prevent from too much democracy, delegates assigned state number of electors equal to total of state representatives and senators |
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| executive department (cabinet) |
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| discuss major policy issues, (Jefferson, Hamilton, Randolph, Henry Knox), gave advice to Washington |
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| supreme court; others made by congress but with less power and determine number of justices making up Supreme Court |
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| 1790s, dominated by 2 Federalist Presidents Hamilton, Jefferson |
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| supported Constitution, wanted strong fed. government strong leaders, emphasized weaknesses of Articles of Confederation |
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| 55 white male delegates, specifically Washington and Franklin |
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| one of the delegates/ Framers of Constitution in Constitutional Convention |
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| secretary of war in executive department |
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| members based on population of state |
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| part of Hamilton financial program, protect young (new +developing) industries and collect adequate revenues by imposing high tariffs on imported goods at the same time |
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| father of the Constitution, helped write it |
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| (1794) Washington sent chief justice John Jay to Britain,came back to U.S (British removed men from U.S. western frontier) angered France supporting Americans |
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| one of delegates at Constitutional Convention |
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| (1789) estabalished Supreme Court(1 chief justice+ 5 associate justices), decision of state courts, 13 district courts, 3 circuit courts of appeals |
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| Washington supported Hamilton on issue to propose bank and it was voted into law (Bank of U.S) privately owned and the federal govt. could print paper currency and use federal deposits to stimulate business |
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| Jefferson/Supporters agreed to Hamilton to pay off the national debt at face value and assume payments of war debts of the states |
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| favored small states while talking about representation for government |
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| Federal government gained control of land in West and sold them making states such as Vermont (1791) Kentucky (1792) Tennessee (1796) |
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| one of the things that Washington warned Americans to make this with foreign affairs |
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| debates between Federalist and Anti-Federalists in 1787-1788 were first indication of two-party system of American politics |
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| (1795) Thomas Pinckney, U.S minister to Spain negotiated a treaty in which Spain agreed to open lower Mississippi River/ New Orleans to American trade |
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| change from Federalist control to Democratic-Republic control |
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| granted to Americans so they could transfer cargoes in New York without paying duties to the Spanish government |
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| were the ones that had equal representation in each state |
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| only federal court in Constitution and Judiciary Act of 1789 estabalished that court with one chief justice and five associate justices |
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| excise taxes to raise enough revenue to pay government's debts |
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| Highly persuasive essays written for New York newspaper by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, 85 essays later published as a book giving reason for major provisions of the Constitution |
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| Each slave represented 3/5 of a person for purpose of determining a state's level of taxation and representation |
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| After Washington retired after two terms, presidents voluntarily ran for only two terms until 1940 when Franklin Roosevelt ran for the third time |
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| favored the large states for the representation |
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| Washington's Farewell Address |
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| Retiring president wrote in newspaper in late 1796 warning Americans not to get involved in European affairs, permanent alliances in foreign affairs, don't form political parties, and avoid sectionalism |
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| (1794) Western Pennsylvania group of farmers rebelled and refused to pay taxes on whisky but this collapsed after Washington sent 15,000 men under Alexander Hamilton |
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certain French ministers requested bribes to enter basis of negotiation bu were refused by delegates
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