Term
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Definition
bone forming cells
secrete extracellular matrix: ground substance & collagen fibers
once surrounded by matrix->osteocytes |
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Term
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Definition
mature cells located in lacunae
monitor and maintain bone matrix |
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Term
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Definition
large, multinucleate
break down (resorb) bone
release enzymes which breakdown extracellular matrix & acid which breaks down minerals |
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Term
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Definition
appears smooth and solid to naked eye
composed of osteons |
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Term
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Definition
| osteon composed of this->hollow tubes inside each other |
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Term
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Definition
extracellular matrix of connective tissue->
collagen fibers and calcium phosphate |
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Term
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Definition
| give lamella ability to withstand mechanical stress |
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Term
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Definition
| harden around collagen fibers ground substance |
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Term
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Definition
channel through center of osteon
contains nerves, blood, & lymphatic vessels |
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Term
| perforating (Volkman's) canal |
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Definition
channels lying at right angles to central canal
connecting vessels and nerve supply of periosteum to central canal |
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Term
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Definition
small spaces between lamella
location of mature, living bone cells->osteocytes |
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Term
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Definition
hairlike canals connect all lacunae and central canal
contain osteocyte extensions |
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Term
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Definition
| all osteocytes are connected by these which relay nutrients and wastes |
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Term
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Definition
honeycomb of flat and needlelike pieces->trabeculae
no osteons
irregularly arranged lamellae, osteocytes, canaliculi
space between contains yellow bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
compact bone surface
double-layered membrane
nerve fibers, blood, and lymphatic vessels enter diaphysis via nutrient foramina |
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Term
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Definition
covering superficial bone surface
outer fibrous layer- dense connective tissue
inner osteogenic later (cells)- osteoblasts and osteoclasts
secured to underlying bone by Sharpey's fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| collagen fibers which secure periosteum to underlying bone |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which nerve fibers, blood and lymphatic vessels enter diaphysis |
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Term
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Definition
| outer fibrous layer is composed of this type of tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| part of periosteum composed of osteoclasts and osteoblasts |
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Term
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Definition
delicate membrane covering internal surfaces of bone
lines medullary cavity and membrane
contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
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Term
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Definition
| soft tissue that fills the hollow space of some bones |
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Term
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Definition
active bone marrow
contains stem cells that will develop into different types of blood cells
location- spongy bone of epiphysis in long bones and flat bones(adults) |
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Term
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Definition
inactive bone marrow
contains adipoctyes
location-medullary cavities(adults) |
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Term
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Definition
| osseus connective tissue formation |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of bony skeleton occurs in ________ |
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Term
| infancy through adolescence |
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Definition
| bone growth occurs during this period |
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Term
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Definition
| bone remodeling and repair occurs when? |
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Term
| intramembraneous ossification |
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Definition
bone formation from dense (fibrous) connective tissue
formation of flat bones |
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Term
| endochondrial ossification |
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Definition
bone formation from hyaline cartilage connective tissue
formation of long, short, and irregular bones |
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Term
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Definition
| cells of cartilage which trigger calcification |
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Term
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Definition
| chondrocytes enlarge and trigger deposition of calcium from blood vessels |
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Term
| bone formation from dense(fibrous) CT |
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Definition
| where does intramembranous ossification occur? |
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Term
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Definition
| which bones develop by intramembranous ossification? |
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Term
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Definition
| during which period(s) of human life cycle does intramembranous ossification occur? |
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Term
| bone formation from hyaline cartilage |
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Definition
| where does endochondral ossification occur? |
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Term
| long bones, short bones, irregular bones |
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Definition
| which bones develop by endochondral ossification? |
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Term
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Definition
| during which period(s) of human life cycle does endochondral ossification occur? |
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Term
| hormones (growth hormones, sex hormones, thyroid hormones) |
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Definition
| what controls lengthwise bone growth? |
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Term
| from infancy through adolescence |
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Definition
| during which period(s) of human life cycle does lengthwise bone growth occur? |
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Term
| from infancy through adolescence |
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Definition
| during which period(s) of human life cycle does diametric bone growth occur? |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by parathyroid glands |
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Term
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Definition
hyaline cartilage connective tissue plate
separates diaphysis and epiphysis |
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Term
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Definition
composed of hyaline cartilage connective tissue
covers joint surface of each epiphysis |
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Term
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Definition
| addition of new bone by osteoblasts |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of bone by osteoclasts |
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Term
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Definition
-occurs where bone is injured, extra strength is required(areas of mechanical stress) or to replace bone that has been resorbed
-osteoblasts produce extracellular matrix
-crystals of calcium and phosphate form around collagen fiber of matrix |
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Term
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Definition
-surface of osteoclast is in direct contact w/ bone surface
-secretes enzymes breaking down extracellular matrix
-secrete acid which dissolves calcium and phosphate crystals and converts to soluble form (enter bloodstream) |
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Term
support
protection
movement
mineral storage
blood cell formation |
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Definition
| five functions of skeletal system |
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Term
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Definition
meniscus of knee
intervertebral disc
pubic symphysis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| hyaline articular cartilage |
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Definition
articular cartilage
costal cartilage
nasal cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by the thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
| secretes ground substance and collagen fibers |
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