Term
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Definition
Hypothalamus thymus
pituitary gland adrenal glands
pineal gland pancreas
thyroid gland gondads
parathyroid glands placenta |
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Term
| Seconday endocrine glands |
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Definition
heart small intesting
liver kidney
stomach skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Located near the center of the head below the thalamus Connected to pituitay by a stalk called the infundibulum |
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Term
| Relationship with posterior pituitary |
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Definition
| the hypothalamus has neurons eith axons projecting into the posterior pituitary |
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Term
| The neural endings in the posterior pituitary gland secrete two peptide hormones |
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Definition
ADH - anti-diuretic hormone
Oxytocin |
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Term
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Definition
| causes the kidneys to keep more water in the blood, instead of losing it into the urine - the kidnys main job is to make urine from blood |
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Term
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Definition
stimulated milk release from mammary glands
stimulates uterine contactions during pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| when two capillary beds occure in series, without a trip to the heart in between |
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Term
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Definition
| any hormone that affects the release of another hormone (either positively or negatively) |
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Term
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Definition
1)stimulated breast development durin pregnancy, and milk production
2) The secretion levels of prolactin are regulated by prolactin releasing hormone PRH and PIH |
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Term
| Thyroid stimulating hormone |
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Definition
TSH- stimulated thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones (TH)
TSH secretion is stimulated by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) |
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Term
| TSH release is controlled by what |
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Definition
a tropic Release hormone (TRH)
TRH -> TSH -> TH |
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Term
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
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Definition
| 1) stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids (primarily cortisol) by the adrenal cortex of teh adrenal gland |
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Term
| ACTH secretion is stimulated by |
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Definition
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
CRH -> ACTH - > glucocorticoids |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates growth and energy metabolism in many tissue types |
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Term
| What does GH stimulate release of |
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Definition
| stimulated release of ILGFs (insuin like growth factors, previoulsy called somatomedins, by the liver |
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Term
| GH secretion is regulated by |
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Definition
| growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH) |
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Term
| Luteinizing homrone (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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Definition
| regulate various aspects of reproductive system, in both males and females |
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Term
| Luteinizing homrone (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)are released in response to |
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Definition
| release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus |
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Term
| Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones |
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Definition
Prolactin
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Growth hormone (GH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Adrenal Cortex - Outer portion
secretes what |
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Definition
Aldosterone
Glucocorticoids
Adrogens |
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Term
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Definition
| causes the kidneys to decrease blood K+ levels, and prevent decreases in blood Na+ levels |
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Term
| What triggers secretion of aldosterone |
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Definition
increase blood K+ levels
Decrease blood pressure (activates the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system) |
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Term
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Definition
| when cells do not transport glucose into the cytosol, usually so that the glucose is reserved for neurons |
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Term
| What triggers secretion of glucocorticoids |
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Definition
| ACTH secretion by the pituitary gland |
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Term
| What promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| phenomenonin which one hormone is needed for another hormone to exert is actions |
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Term
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Definition
| in endocrine system, when one hormone opposes the actions of another hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to a process in which the net effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects |
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Term
| What hormone is a stimulating hormone and can also be a inhibiting hormone |
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Definition
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Term
| Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH) |
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Definition
| Stimulates the anterior pituitary to release prolactn, which stimulates mammary gland development and milk secretion in females |
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Term
| Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH) |
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Definition
| or dopamine, inhibits the release of prolactin |
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Term
| Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) |
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Definition
| stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) form the anterior pituitary. TSH then stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland |
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Term
| Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) |
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Definition
| stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the anterior pituitary. ACTH then stmulates the secretion of other homones by the adrenal cortex, the outer layer of the adrenal gland |
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Term
| Growth Hormone releasin hormone (GHRH) |
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Definition
| Stimulates the secretion of growth hormone (GH) by the anterior pituitary. GH regulates growth and energy metabolism but also functions as a tropic hormone by stimulating the secretion of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) by the liver |
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Term
| Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH) |
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Definition
| or somatostatin, inhibits the secretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary |
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Term
| Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) |
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Definition
| stimulates the release of both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) by the anterior pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulates ovulation in females, and itstimulates the secretion of sex hormones (estrogens and progesterone in females and androgens in males) |
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Term
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Definition
| promotes the development of egg cells in females and sperm cells in makes, and it stimulates the secretion of estrogens in females and inhibin in both sexes |
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Term
| Short loop negative feedback |
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Definition
| prevents the buildup of excess anterior pituitary tropic hormone |
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Term
| Long loop negative feedback |
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Definition
| the hormone whose secretion is timulated by the tropic hormone generally feeds back to the hypothalamus to inhibit secretion of teh tropic hormone, thereby limiting its own secretion |
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Term
| What does the thyroid gland secrete |
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Definition
| tetraiodothyroning (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) as well as calcitonin |
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Term
| What does the thyroid regulate |
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Definition
| the body's metabolic rate and are necessary for normal growth and development |
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Term
| What does calcitonin regulate that is secreted by the thyroid |
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Definition
| calcium levels in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete parthyroid hormone (PTH) an important regulator of calcium levels in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| secretes thymosin - regulates T cell function |
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Term
| What gland is critical for normal immune function because immune cells called T lymphocytes or T Cells, which are essential for effective immune responses against invading microorganisms, mature there |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| functions as both a endocrine gland and an exocrine gland. |
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Term
| What does the heart secrete |
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Definition
| atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which regulates sodium reabsorption by by the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| erythropoietin, which stimulates production of red blood cells by the bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| insulin-like growth factoe (IGFs), which promote tissue growth and bone growth |
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Term
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Definition
1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3
Promotes absorption of calcium by intestine |
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Term
| The concentration of free hormone in the blood depends on three factores |
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Definition
1) the rate of homoone secretion
2) the amount of hormone trasnported bound to carrier proteins
3) the rate at which the hormone is metabolized |
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Term
| Humoral signals include three basic categories |
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Definition
1) hormones
2) ions
3) metabolites |
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