Term
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Definition
| shaking and vibration of the land surface |
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Term
| When rocks break during brittle failure, they release stored up elastic strain energy as _________ and _______ _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| As seismic waves pass through Earth material they ___________ distort it. |
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Definition
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Term
| The point of initiation of an earthquake within the Earth's crust is called the _____________ or __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The point of lying on the Earth's surface vertically above the point of initiation of an earthquake in the Earth's interior is called the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Seismic waves travel outward from the site of initial rupture along a fault in a ___________ fashion. |
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Definition
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Term
| Seismic waves are waves of energy produced by fault rupture. They grow _________ the further they are from the site of rupture. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the names of the two major groups of seismic waves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Body waves differ from surface waves in what way? |
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Definition
| Body waves travel through interior while surface waves travel along surface |
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Term
| P-waves travel ____________ than S-waves. |
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Definition
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Term
| P-waves are a series of ________ and ___________ in the direction that the wave is moving or poragating. |
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Definition
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Term
| P-waves travel through ____________,__________, and _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| S-waves differ from P-waves as they produce _________ changes rather than volumetric changes |
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Definition
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Term
| Particles are displaced at __________ angles to the direction in which and S-wave propagates. |
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Definition
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Term
| Liquids and gases can't support a shape change. Can S-waves propagate through such material? |
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Definition
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Term
| Surface waves travel along the land surface. In this course we discussed two major varieties of surface waves. What are the names of these two major varieties of surface waves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rayleigh waves are said to resemble an ___________ wave. One important characteristic of both is that they ____ ______ with depth. |
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Definition
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Term
| Love waves displace particles with a _____________ motion. |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of seismic wave are most destructive to buildings? |
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Definition
| Surface (love or rayleigh) |
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Term
| What is the interval between P and S waves called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the minimum number of seismic stations needed to find the epicenter of an earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of a seismogram is used to determine the epicenter? |
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Definition
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Term
| Given two seismic stations, one located at 1000 km and the other at 400 km from the epicenter of an earthquake. Would the S-P interval be larger or smaller at the station located at 1000 km from the epicenter? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Richter magnitude is determined by measuring the height of the peak amplitude on a seismogram derived from a Ward-Anderson seismometer. The size of the peak amplitude must be scaled to what distance from the epicenter? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Richter magnitude scale is: |
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Definition
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Term
| A Richter magnitude of 3 would be how many times larger than a magnitude of 1? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three largest recorded moment magnitudes? |
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Definition
Chile, 1960
Alaska, 1964
Sumatra, 2004 |
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Term
| A great earthquake will have a magnitude between... |
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Definition
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Term
| A minor to light earthquake will have a magnitude between... |
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Definition
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Term
| Strong to moderate earthquakes are common in CA. What is the range of magnitudes for such? |
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Definition
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Term
| Along what kind of plate boundary would you expect major to great earthquakes to occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many earthquakes on average with magnitudes less than 2.5 occur globally? |
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Definition
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Term
| How often on a global scale do great earthquakes occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| The modified Mercalli scale was developed to measure the effect of an earthquake on _________ and ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The modified Mercallli scale vaires from _____ to ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mercalli scale indices of VI or lower measure the effects of an earthquake on ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mercalli scale indices of VII and higher measure the effects of an earthquake on ________. |
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Definition
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