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| instrument to measure pressure |
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| instrument to measure pressure |
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| the process of listening to the sounds within the body by using a stethoscope |
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| the branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the cardiovascular system. (cardiologist) |
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| a flexible tube inserted into the body for the purpose of moving fluids into or out of the body. in the cardiovascular system a catheter is used to place dye into blood vessels so they may be visible on x-rays. |
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| an area of tissue within an organ or part that undergoes necrosis (death) following the loss of its blood supply |
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| the localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to an obstruction to the circulation |
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| an abnormal heart sound such as a soft blowing sound or harsh click. it may be quiet and heard only with a stethoscope, or so loud it can be heard several feet away. (bruit) |
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| the sudden drop in blood pressure a person experiences when standing up suddenly |
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| pounding, racing heart beats |
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| a yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in an artery that are the hallmark of artherosclerosis |
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| to flow backwards. in the cardiovascular system this refers to the backflow of blood through a valve |
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| instrument for measureing blood pressure. (blood pressure cuff) |
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| a stainless steel tube place within a blood vessel or a duct to widen the lumen |
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| instrument for listening to body sounds (ausculation) such as the chest, heart or intestines |
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| condition in which there is severe pain with a sensation of constriction around the heart. caused by a deficiency of ocygen to the heart muscle. |
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| irregularity in the heartbeat or action. comes in many different forms; some are not serios, while others are life threatening |
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| bundle branch block (BBB) |
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| occurs when the electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down the bundle of His or bundle branches. results in the ventricles beating at a different rate than the atria. (heart block) |
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| complete stopping of heart activity |
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| general term for a disease of the myocardium. can be caused by alcohol abuse, parasites, viral infection, and congestive heart failure. one of the most common reasons a patient might require a heart transplant |
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| congenital septal defect (CSD) |
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| a hole, present at birth, in the septum between two heart chambers; results in a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. there can be an atrial septal defect and ventral septal defect |
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| congestive heart failure (CHF) |
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| pathological condition of the heart in which there is a reduced outflow of blood from the left side of the heart because the left ventricle myocardium has become too weak to efficiently pump blood. results in weakness, breathlessness, and edema. |
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| coronary heart disease (CAD) |
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| insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle due to an obstruction of one or more coronary arteries. may be caused by artherosclerosis and may cause agina pectoris and myocardial infarction. |
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| inflammation of the lining membranes of the heart. may be due to bacteria or to an abnormal immunological response. in bacterial endocarditis, the mass or bacteria that forms is referred to as vegetation |
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| an extremely serious arrythmia characterized by an abnormal quivering or contraction of heart fibers. when this occurs in the ventricles, cardiac arrest and death can occur. emergency equipment to defibrillate, or convert the heart to a normal beat, necessary |
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| an arrythmia in which the atria beat too rapidly, but in a regular pattern |
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| condition in which the cusps or flaps of the heart valve are too loose and fail to shut tightly, allowing blood to flow backward through the valve when the heart chamber contracts. most commonly occurs in mitral valve, but may affect any of the heart valves |
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| condition caused by the partial or complete occlusion or closing of one or more of the coronary arteries. symptoms include a squeezing pain or heavy pressure in the middle of the chest. a delay in treatment could result in death. (heart attack) |
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| inflammation of the muscle layer of the heart wall |
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| inflammation of ther pericardial sac around the heart |
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| combination ofr four congenital anomalies; pulmonary stenosis, an interventricular septal defect, improper placement of the aorta, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle. needs immediate surgery to correct |
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| weakness in the wall of an artery resulting in localized widening of the artery. although an aneurysm may develop in any artery, common sites include the aorta in the abdomen and the cerebral arteries in the brain |
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| thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries. most often due to atherosclerosis |
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| the most common form of arteriosclerosis. caused by the formation of yellowing plaques of cholesterol on the inner walls of arteries |
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| coarctation of the aorta (CoA) |
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| severe congenital narrowing of the aorta |
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| the obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot that has broken off from a thrombus somewhere else in the body and traveled to the point of obstruction. if it occurs in a coronary artery, it may result in a myocardial infarction |
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| varicose veins in the anal region |
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| blood pressure above the normal range. essential or primary hypertension occurs directly from cardiovascular disease. secondary hypertension refers to high blood pressure resulting from another disease such as kidney disease. |
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| decrease in blood pressure. can occur in shock, infection, cancer, anemia, or as death approaches |
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| patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) |
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| congenital heart anomaly in which the fetal connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta fails to close at birth. this condition requires surgery |
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| peripheral vascular disease (PVD) |
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| any abnormal condition affecting blood vessels outside the heart. symptoms may include pain, pallor, numbness, and loss of circulation and pulses |
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| inflammation of several arteries |
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| periodic ischemic attacks affecting the extremities of the body, especially the fingers, toes, ears, and nose. the affected extremities become cyanotic and very painful. these attacks are brought on by arterial constriction due to extreme cold or emotional stress. |
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| inflammation of a vein resulting in the formation of blood clots within the vein |
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| a blood clot forming within a blood vessel. may partially or completely occlude the blood vessel |
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| swollen and distended veins, usually in the legs. |
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| blood test to determine the level of enzymes specific to heart muscles in the blood. an increase in the enzymes may indicate heart muscle damage such as a myocardial infarction. these enzymes include creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) |
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