Term
|
Definition
| relating new info to knowledge that is already in memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Storing new info by converting it to mental pictures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Categorization that involves noticing the relationships among a series of items |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Place in which sensory info is kept for a second or less
*flashlight and letter test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fast-decaying store of visual info (a second or less) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fast-decaying store of auditory info (5 seconds or less) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Place where nonsensory info is kept for more than a few seconds but less than a minute.
* new telephone number off top memory
-stored for 15-20 seconds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Process of keeping new info bhy mentally repeating
*repeating new telephone number until you can write it down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Combining small bits of info into larger chunks
*waitress categorizing drinks, main orders, cold foods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Active Maintenence of info in short-term storage.
*ex: Chess player visualizing what could happen by visualizing chess board in head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Place in which info can be held for days, weeks, years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inability to transfer short-term memory to long-term |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inability to retrieve info that was acquired before date of injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
External info that is associated with new info helps bring it to mind
*ex. Smell of a pumpkin pie can make memory of Thanksgiving with family. |
|
|
Term
| Encoding Specificity Principle |
|
Definition
A retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps recreate the specific way in which the info was initially stored
*ex. Recovering alcoholic returns to old bar and has urge to drink |
|
|
Term
| State-Dependent Retrieval |
|
Definition
Tendency for info to be better recalled when person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval
*ex. You're more likely to recall a happy moment when happy and more likely to recall a sad moment when sad. Why it's hard to tell a sad person to "look on the bright side" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When people consciously or intentionally retrieve past experiences
*ex. "I remember when..." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When past experiences influence later behavior/performance, even if people aren't trying to recollect or are aware they are remembering them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enhanced ability to think of a stimulus as a result of a recent exposure to that stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world
*ex. When asked "When is Independence day?" mostly every person will universally know and answer "July 4th" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Collection of past experiences that occurred at a particular time and place
*ex. When asked "What happened last Independence Day?"everyone will have a different response to same question. Subjective to each person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Forgetting what occurred with the passage of time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When later learning impairs info acquired earlier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Earlier info learned impairs memory for info acquired later |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lapse in attention that results in memory failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Remembering to do things in the future |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Failure to retrieve information that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it
*ex "Tip of the Tongue" feeling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A recall of where, when, and how information was acquired |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tendency to incorporate misleading info from external sources into presonal recollections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Distorting influences of the present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reconstructing the past experiences to fit the present
*ex. Not changing beliefs on popular controversies because a person has always believed what they've always believed even as time passes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tendency to exaggerate differences between what we feel or believe now and what we felt or believed in the past.
*ex. Ask a couple that's been together for 4 years if they love each other now more than they did when they first met. They'll exaggerate and say their love has grown even though amount of love probably hasn't changed from tomorrow to today. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Exaggerating the change between past and present in order to make ourselves look good in retrospect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The intrusive recollection of events we wish we could forget |
|
|
