Term
| Describe the 4 chemical classification of hormones discussed in class. |
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Definition
1. Polypeptide/protein ligands-chains of amino acids, includes ADH, GH, insulin, oxytocin, glucagon, ACTH, PTH.
2. Steroids-are lipids derived from cholesterol-includes testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, and cortisol.
3. Amine ligands-derived from tyrosine or tryptophan, include NE, Epi, thyroxine, melatonin.
4. Glycoproteins-proteins+ carbohydrate group, includes LH, FSH, TSH. |
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Term
| Differentiate between the solubility classifications of hormones. |
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Definition
Hydrophilic-Water soluble-most amino acid-based peptides/proteins
Lipophilic-lipid soluble, steroids and thyroxine |
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Term
| Indicate where each is synthesized, how they are transported in the blood, and where the receptors are located, and general effect in the target cell. |
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Definition
Hydrophilic- syn in the rER -> Golgi. Stored in vesicles for exocytosis. Transported through membrane with vesicles, dissolves in blood. The receptors are on the outside of the target cell. Alters membrane ion permeability, opens/closes ion channels.
Lipophilic- derives form a cholesterol precursor, via enzymatic modification. Secretion depends upon their synthesis. Only precursor is stored. Will dissolve through membrane, but needs carrier protein for blood. Binds with receptors inside of the cell, gene activation for protein synthesis. |
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Term
| Which type can be stored in a cell for release at a later time? |
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Definition
| Hydrophilic messengers can be stored for use at a later time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lipophilic messengers cannot be stored. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a secondary messenger system? |
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Definition
| It is meant to amplify the original signal (a cascading effect.) |
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Term
| What is the secondary messenger system discussed in class? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the effector enzyme of the cAMP messenger system? |
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Definition
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