Term
| Three major regions of skin |
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Definition
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3.Hypodermis |
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Term
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Definition
| Keratinized stratified squamos epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
1.Keratinocytes
2. Melanocytes
3.Epidermal dendritic
4. Tactile(Merkel) |
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Term
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Definition
| produce fibrous protein keratin |
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Term
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Definition
| 10-25% of cells in lower epidermis; produce pigment melanin |
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Term
| Epidermal dendrictic (Langerhans) cells |
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Definition
| macrophages that help activate immune system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Layers of Epidermis (top to bottom) |
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Definition
1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum granulosum
3. Stratum spinosum
4. Stratum basale |
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Term
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Definition
| 20-30 rows of dead kertanized membranous sacs; 3/4 of epidermal thickness |
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Term
| Stratum corneum (functions) |
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Definition
1. Protect from abrasion and penetration
2.waterproof
3. Barrier against biological, chemical, and physical assaults |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 to 5 Thin cell layers in which cells flatten |
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Term
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Definition
| cells contain a weblike system of intermediate prekeratin filaments attached to desmosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to dermis; rapid division of cells;single row of stem cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin, transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum; rows of dead keratinocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| Strong, flexible connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
1. fibroblasts
2. macrophages
3. mast cells
4. WBC |
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Term
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Definition
1. Papillary
2. Reticular |
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Term
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Definition
| areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers and blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
1. capillary loops
2. Meissner's corpuscles
3. free nerve endings |
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Term
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Definition
| 80% dermis thickness; collagen fibers provide strength and resiliency; elastic fibers provide stretch-recoil properties |
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Term
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Definition
1. friction ridges
2. cleavage lines |
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Term
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Definition
| epidermal ridges on top of papillary ridges; friction ridges of fingerprints |
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Term
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Definition
| bundles of collagen fibers; incisions parallel to cleavage line heal rapidly |
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Term
| Three pigments of skin color |
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Definition
1. Melanin
2. Carotene
3. Hemoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
| produces melanocytes; migrates to keratinocytes forming pigment shields |
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Term
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Definition
| yellow to orange, most obvious in palms and soles |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for pinkish hue of skin |
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Term
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Definition
1. sweat glands
2. oil glands
3. hair and hair follicles
4. nails |
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Term
| two types of sweat glands |
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Definition
1. Eccrine sweat gland
2. Apocrine sweat gland |
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Term
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Definition
| abundant on palms,soles, ad forehead; ducts connect to pores |
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Term
| Eccrine sweat glands are made of.... |
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Definition
| 99% water, NaCl, vitamin C, antibodies, dermcidin, metabolic wastes |
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Term
| Eccrine sweat glands function |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| confined to axillary and anogenital areas; ducts connect to hair follicles |
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Term
| Apocrine sweat glands made of.... |
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Definition
| sweat + fatty substances and proteins |
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Term
| Apocrine sweat glands funtion |
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Definition
| from puberty onward ( as sexual scent glands) |
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Term
| Specialized apocrine glands |
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Definition
1. ceruminous glands ( external ear canal)
2. mammary glands |
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Term
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Definition
| widely distributed, develop from hair follicles, and become active at puberty |
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Term
| Sebaceous (oil) glands functions |
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Definition
1. oily holocrine secretion
2. Bactericidal
3. softens hair and skin |
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Term
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Definition
1. alerting the body presence of insect in skin
2. guarding scalp against physical trauma, heat loss, and sunlight |
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Term
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Definition
| entire surface except palms, soles, lips, nipples, and portions of external genitalia |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of dead keratinized cells; contains hard keratin |
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Term
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Definition
melanins (yellow, rust brown, black)
gray/white (decreased melanin; increased air bubbles) |
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Term
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Definition
| extends from epidermal to dermis; hair bulb-expanded deep end |
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Term
| Hair follicle 2 layered wall |
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Definition
| outer connective tissue root sheath and inner epithelial root sheath |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory nerve endings around each hair bulb; stimulate by bending hair |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth muscle attached to follicle; responsible for goose bumps |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pale, fine body hair of children and adult females |
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Term
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Definition
| coarse, long hair of eyebrows,scalp, axillary, and pubic region ( face and neck of males) |
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Term
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Definition
1. growth phase (week to years) followed by regressive and resting phase (1-3 months)
2. growth phase varies ( 6-10 year in scalp, 3-4 months in eyebrows) |
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Term
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Definition
| hair thinning in both sexes after age 40 |
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Term
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Definition
| genetically determined and sex-infuenced condition; male pattern baldness cause by follicular reponse to DHT |
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Term
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Definition
| Scalelike modification of the epidermis on the distal, dorsal surface of fingers and toes |
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Term
| Protection of Integumentary system |
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Definition
1. chemical-low pH secretions and defensins bacterial activity
2. Body temperature regulation- 500ml/day of routine insensible persiption
3. Cutaneous sensations- temp., touch, and pain
4. Metabolic- synthesis of vitamin D; coversion of carcinogens and some hormones
5. blood reservoir- up to 5% of body's blood volume
6. excretion- nitrogenous wastes and salt in sweat |
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Term
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Definition
| do not metastasize; some skin lotions conatin enzymes in liposomes that can fix damaged DNA |
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Term
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Definition
1. overexposures to UV radiation
2. Frequent irritation of the skin |
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Term
Skin Cancer
three major types |
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Definition
1. Basal cell carcinoma-least maignant,most common
2. Squamous cell carcinoma- 2nd most comon
3. Melanoma- most dangerous |
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Term
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Definition
| stratum basale cell proliferate and slowly invade dermis and hypodermis; cured by surgical excision 99% |
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Term
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Definition
| involves keratinocytes of stratum spinosum, common in scalp,ears,lips, and hands. Cured if treated by radiation therapy or surgically |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves melanocytes; highly metastic and resistant to chemo. treated by wide surgical excision |
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Term
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Definition
A: asymmetry; 2 side of pigment don't match
B: border exhibits indentions
C: color is black, brown, tan, and sometimes red or blue
D: diameter is larger tha 6 mm |
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Term
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Definition
| Heat,electricity,radiation,certain chemicals lead to tissue damage, denatured protein, cell death |
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Term
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Definition
| dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, leading to renal shutdown and circulatory shock |
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Term
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Definition
| used to estimate the volume of the fluid loss from burns |
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Term
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Definition
First degree-epidermal damage only
second degree- epidermal and upper dermal damage
third degree- entire thickness of skin damaged |
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Term
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Definition
| localized redness, edema (swelling) and pain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| gray-white, cherry red, or black. No initial edema or pain. Skin grafting usually necessary |
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Term
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Definition
>25% of body has 2nd degree
>10% of body has 3rd degree
face, hands, or feet bear 3 rd degree |
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