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the group of destructive processes that change the physical and chemical character of rock at or near the surface.
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the picking up or physical removal of rock particles by an agent such as running water or glaciers.
weathering and erosion produce sediments that form sedimentary rocks. |
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| the movement of eroded particles by agents such as rivers, waves, glaciers or wind. |
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the breaking up of rocks into smaller pieces
change in the rock is physical. |
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the decomposition or alteration of rock due to chemical weathering, acts fast on corners and edges.
decomposition of rock from exposure to water and atmospheric gases. |
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| rounding of the rock due to chemical weathering acting more rapidly on corners and edges. |
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| different rock types weather at different rates, leads to landforms such as cliffs or slopes. |
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| soft layers of rock weather to form shallow slopes of eroded rock debris. |
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| reduction of pressure on a body of rock can cause it to crack as it expands. |
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| develop parallel to the outer surface of the rock as the outer part of the rock expands more than the inner part. |
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| process of spalling off of rock layers |
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| large rounded landforms developed in massive rock, such as granite, by exfoliation. |
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| the mechanical effect of freezing water on rocks, commonly occurs as frost wedging or frost heaving. |
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results in expansion of cracks due to freeze/thaw cycles.
pries rock apart. |
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| lifts rock and soil vertically through freeze/thaw cycles. |
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| hydrous aluminum silicate with a sheet-silicate structure like that of mica. |
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| oxygen from the atmosphere reacts with minerals, particularly iron bearing minerals like pyroxenes to produce iron oxides like hematite and limonite. |
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| dissolution by weak acids |
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| some minerals such as calcite dissolve in weakly acidic ground water. |
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| feldspars are altered to form clays |
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| acidic rain water and ground water react with feldspar minerals to produce clay minerals. |
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higher temperatures generally lead to more rapid chemical weathering.
freeze/thaw cycles can lead to more rapid mechanical weathering through frost action. |
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a layer of weathered, unconsolidated material on top of bedrock.
contains organic material and can support plant growth. |
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| a soil of approximately equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay. |
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soil layers.
O - organic matter
A - organic matter mixed with minerals
E - leached zone
B - region of accumulation of clay and iron oxides
C - weathered fragments of bedrock |
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| one that develops from weathering of the rock directly beneath it. |
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| did not form from the local rock but from regolith brought in from some other region. |
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| highly leached soils that form in tropical regions where temps are high and rainfall is abundant. |
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