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| the smallest particle you can divide an element into that keeps the properties of that element |
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| the average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of the element |
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1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
standard for measuring the mass of atoms |
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| # of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element |
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| a stream of electrons produced at the negative electrode (cathode) of a tube containing a gas at low pressure |
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| Dalton's atomic theory (4 parts) |
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1) all elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms
2) Atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any one element are different from those of any other element
3) Atoms of different elements can combine with one another in simple whole number ratios to form compounds
4) chemical reactions occur when atoms are seperated, joined, or rearranged. Atoms of one element are not changed into atoms of another by chemical reactions |
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| negatively charged subatomic particles |
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| vertical column in periodic table |
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| atoms that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons |
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| total number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
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| high electrical conductivity and high luster when clean. ductile, malleable |
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| properties that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals |
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| subatomic particles with no charge but mass nearly equal to that of a proton |
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nonmetals of group O
undergo few chemical reactions (stable) |
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| elements that are nonlustrous and poor conductors of electricity |
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| central core of an atom that is composed of protons and neutrons |
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| horizontal rows of periodic table |
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| when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties. elements in the same period have similar chemical and physical properties |
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| arrangement of elements according to similar properties |
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| positively charged subatomic particles |
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| group A elements exhibit a wide range of physical and chemical properties |
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