Term
|
Definition
| surfaces across which earth material has lost cohesion across which there is perceptible displacement |
|
|
Term
| If a fault does not break the earth's surface, then it is considered to be... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the grooves cut into a fault surface parallel to the movement direction called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If displacement is parallel to the strike of the fault then the fault is a... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If displacement is parallel to the dip of the fault, then the fault is a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If displacement is neither parallel to strike or to dip, then the fault is a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a piercing point? |
|
Definition
| where some linear feature offset by a fault intersects or pierces the fault surface |
|
|
Term
| If the hanging wall block moves down relative to the footwall and the motion is pure dip slip, then the fault is a ________ fault. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall and the motion is pure dip slip, then the fault is a __________ fault. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Strike-slip faults are common along what type of plate margins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reverse dip-slip faults are common along what type of plate margins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal dip-slip faults are common along what type of plate margins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gravity is an example of what kind of force? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a force is applied to a specific surface, then it is a ___________ force. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stress is the ____________ of the applied force. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a stress is applied to a body of rock, it commonly changes its shape. A change in shape is a ____________, or __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a body of rock changes shape as a result of an applied stress, then when the stress is removed or falls to some lower value, it regains its initial shape and volume, then it is behaving... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The stress required to initiate movement on an already existing fault is called the ___________ or ____________ stress. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Once movement on the fault has been initiated what happens to the stress? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Along plate boundaries, following cessation of motion along a fault, what happens to the stress on the fault? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Briefly explain below the stick-slip mechanism of fault behavior along plate boundaries. |
|
Definition
| Stick: after a fault ruptures it stops moving and appears to be stuck; stress builds back up, eventually reaching the max or static stress value and slip occurs again |
|
|
Term
| When a fault ruptures, both heat and seismic energy are given off. What form does this energy take? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the maximum or static stress value is not reached, then a fault along a plate boundary will continue to build up elastic strain ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a locked fault, and how does it differ from a creeping one? |
|
Definition
Locked: has not experienced rupture in some time, so large amounts of elastic energy builds up
Creeping: ruptures often, so large amounts of energy doesn't build |
|
|
