Term
| What is a piercing point? |
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Definition
| where some linear feature offset by a fault intersects or pierces the fault surface. Examples of linear features that can serve as piercing points include stream channels, fences, roads, or railroad tracks |
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Term
| if the hanging wall wall block moves down relative to the footwall and the motion is pure dip slip, then the fault is a _____________ fault. |
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Definition
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Term
| if the hanging wall block moves up to the footwall and the motion is pure dip slip, then the fault is a _________ fault. |
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Definition
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Term
| if a force is applied to specific surface, then it is a ___________ force. |
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Definition
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Term
| stress is the _______ of the applied force. |
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Definition
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Term
| When a stress is applied to a body of rock, it commonly changes its shape. a change in shape is a ___________. Another term used to describe a change is shape is __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a locked fault, and how does it differ from a creeping one? |
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Definition
| locked faults are faults that have not experienced rupture in some time, and, as a result, large amounts of elastic strain energy can build up. In contrast, creeping faults rupture often, and, as a result, large amounts of elastic strain ennergy do not build up. |
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Term
| When a fault ruptures, both heat and seismic energy are given off. what form does the seismic energy take? |
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Definition
| the seismic energy given off by a rupturing fault takes the form of seismic waves |
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Term
| all rocks have a breaking point. If we increase the stress on an elastic rock to to this rock-dependent breaking value, then it will break or fracture resulting in the formation of a new fault. However, if a fault already exists, then the stress required for slip to occur on it will be lower than that required to form a new fault. the stress required to initiate movement on an already existng fault called the _________ or _________ stress. |
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Definition
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Term
| because plates are constantly moving, they are always stressed. when this stress builds up to the maximum or static stress value for a particular fault, then slip will occur. Once movement on the fault has been initiated what happens to the stress, i.e., does it fall or rise? |
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Definition
| Once movement occurs, the stress on the fault begins begins to srop immediately. |
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Term
| along plate boundaries, following cessation of motion along a fault, what happens to the stress on the fault? |
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Definition
| after motion on the fault ceases, the stress on the fault begins to immediately build back up |
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Term
| briefly explain below the stick-slip mechanism of fault behavior along plate boundaries. |
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Definition
| stick refers to the fact that after a fault ruptures it stops moving and appears to be stuck. however, the stress begins to immediately build back up evenyually reaching the maximum or static stress value, and slip again occurs. |
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Term
| if the maximum or static stress value is not reached, then a fault along a plate boundary will continue to build up elastic strain ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a locked fault, and how does it differ from a creeping one? |
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Definition
| locked faults are faults that have not experienced rupture in some time, and, as a result, large amounts of elastic strain energy build up. in contrast, creeping faults rupture often, and as a result, large amounts of elastic strain energy do not build up. |
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