Term
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Definition
| breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| building large molecules out of smaller molecules. |
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Term
| How many ATP can you get from glycolysis |
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Definition
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Term
| How many ATP can you get from the electron transport system? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many ATP can you get from the Krebs Cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycolysis starts with a six carbon sugar that breaks into what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Anaerobic means with/ without oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Aerobic means with/ without oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| In bacterial cells most energy producing reactions occur near what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a catalyst that reduces the energy needed to start a chemical reaction and may increase the rate of the reaction without being used up in the reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| An atom or molecule such as oxygen that is relatively easily reduced by accepting electrons and protons |
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Term
| Electron Transport System |
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Definition
| A series of steps that oxidize NADH and FADH2 by transferring a hydrogen atom from them to an oygen atom |
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Term
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Definition
| An electron carrier in the electron transport system |
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Term
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Definition
| the conversion of pyruvic acid into such products as alchol and organic acids |
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Term
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Definition
| the addition of phophorous to a molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of reactions involving the catabolism of glucose resulting in the production of pyruvic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| the sum of all chemical reactions going on in a cell or microorganism |
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Term
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Definition
| the condition of a molecule to which electrons have been added |
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Term
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Definition
| the condition of a molecule to which electrons have been removed |
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Term
| 2 pyruvic acids + 2 NADH form_________ + _______. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A structural relationship between necleotid bases taht allows adenine to bond with thymine and guanine to bond to cytosine |
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Term
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Definition
| A DNA molecule or sequence used as the pattern for making a new nucleotide polymer during replication or transcription |
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Term
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Definition
| The three base sequences in the mRNA that specify a specific amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of transcription and translation by which the information on the RNA is made into proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA synthesis; the process by which information encoded on the DNA is copied onto and RNA molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| Three sequential mRNA bases that match a three base sequence in the DNA code designating a specific amino acid in a protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Any change in the normal DNA base sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| A mutation where one base has been substituted by another |
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Term
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Definition
| The total genetic information in the cell. Normally only selected parts of the genotype are used at any one time. Thus, cells may have much greater genetic capability than is observable at any given time. |
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Term
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Definition
| The observable characteristics of an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| A physical or chemical agent that increases the rate of mutation |
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Term
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Definition
| Circular, extrachromosomal DNA that can be transferred between cells.Plasmids replicate independently of chromosomal DNA and provid genetic information that will be expressed in addition to that of the chormosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| A virus taht infects bacterial cells |
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Term
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Definition
| The phage DNA integrated into the bacerial chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| The series of steps by which a phage replicates and bursts the host cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Referring to a bacteriophage that does not cause immediate lysis of the infected bacerial cell |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of a bacteriophage to integrate its DNA into the bacterial chromosome. |
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Term
| What shape does DNA take? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the replication of bacteria the daughter cell comes completely from? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Fredrick Griffith's experiment when a mouse was injected with smooth strepococcus pneumonia with a capsule did the mouse die or live? What about when it was injected with head killed smooth streptococus pneumonia? Rough streptoccus pneumonia? Heat killed smooth and rough? |
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Definition
Smooth with capsule- mouse died
Heat killed smooth- mouse lived
Rough- mouse lived
Both heat killed smooth and rough- mouse died |
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Term
| What are some ways bacteria can replicate? |
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Definition
| Transcription, translation, mutation, transformation, transduction |
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Term
| After a phage attaches itself to the host cell, what does it inject? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do temperate viruses immediately kill the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Changing the way a cell reacts can be accomplished by changing the cells_____? |
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Definition
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Term
| A mutation is a change in the_______ ______? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| DNA encoded on an RNA molecule then transferred to another cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Eukaryotic cell, mRNA passes from nucleus to cytoplasm, and that is where the translation occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| change in genetic code- that change can be brought about by physical agents/ chemical agents/ radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| plasmid is transferred from one cell to another |
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Term
| Electron Transport System |
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Definition
| a series of steps that oxidize NADH and FADH by transferring a hydrogen atom from them to an oxygen atom |
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Term
|
Definition
| an atom or molecule that is relatively easily reduced by accepting electrons and protons |
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Term
|
Definition
| a series of reactions where pyruvic acid is completely oxidized and hydrogen in transferred to an appropriate carrier molecule |
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Term
|
Definition
| a series of reactions involving the catabolism of glucose, resulting in the production of pyruvic acid |
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Term
|
Definition
| addition of a phosphate group |
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Term
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Definition
| in the human body it occurs in skeletal muscle when you are doing aerobic exercise |
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Term
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Definition
| the sum of all chemical reactions going on in a cell or microorganism |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What catalyzes a reaction? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
a structural relationship
between nucleotide bases that allows adenine to
bond with thymine and guanine to bond to cytosine |
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Term
|
Definition
A DNA molecule or sequence used as
the pattern for making a new nucleotide polymer
during replication or transcription |
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Term
|
Definition
the three base sequences (codons) in
the mRNA that specify a specific amino acid |
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Term
|
Definition
the process of transcription and
translation by which the information on the DNA is
made into proteins |
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Term
|
Definition
RNA synthesis; the process by
which information encoded on the DNA is copied
onto an RNA molecule |
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Term
|
Definition
| the ability of a bacteriophage to integrate its DNA into the bacterial chromosome |
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Term
|
Definition
| referring to a bacteriophage that does not cause immediate lysis of the infected bacterial cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| the series of steps by which a phage replicates and bursts the host cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| the phage DNA integrated into the bacterial chromosome |
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Term
|
Definition
| a virus that infects bacterial cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| Circular, extra chromosomal DNA |
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Term
|
Definition
| A physical or chemical agent that increases the rate of mutation |
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Term
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Definition
| the observable characteristics of an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that requires organic compounds as a source of carbon |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that obtains its carbon from carbon dioxide and energy from light or inorganic compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| orgnisms containing carbon |
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Term
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Definition
| requiring special nutrient supplementation in order to grow |
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Term
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Definition
| a culture containing only a single species of microorganism |
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Term
|
Definition
| a culture containing only a single species of microorganism |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a process whereby microorganisms are placed into or on culture media |
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Term
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Definition
| the length of time for a population ot double in number |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of generations of a species within a given length of time |
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Term
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Definition
| living or capable of reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
| a period during which number of new cells produced in equal to the number that die |
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Term
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Definition
| a microorganism that causes a disease |
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Term
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Definition
| the concentration of ions in a solution |
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Term
| Things to take into consideration when trying to grow any living thing, especially bacteria |
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Definition
Moisture
Oxygen
Concentration
Temperature
Nutrients
pH |
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Term
| At what pH is normal body fluids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do Acidophiles like lower or higher pH? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Alkaliphiles like higher or lower pH? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most microbes grow around what pH? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| a constellation of symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| pathogens in your blood stream |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| getting rid of disease containing microbes |
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Term
|
Definition
| a cleaning technique that physically removes microbe organism |
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Term
|
Definition
| are applied to living tissues |
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Term
| Does disinfectants kill all microbes? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| a process that kills all living organisms |
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Term
| Methods that can cause sterilization and disinfection |
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Definition
Heat
Moist heat under pressure
Moist heat not under pressure
Dry heat
Heat and chemical vapor
Radiation
Filtration |
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Term
| What percentage of air borne particles do HEPA filters remove? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some chemical disinfectants? |
|
Definition
Alcohols
Heavy metals
Phenolic compounds
Hydrogen peroxide
Quaternary ammonia
Halogens
Ethanol oxide |
|
|
Term
| What are the phases of the bacterial growth curve? |
|
Definition
| lag phase, growth phase, stationary phase, death phase |
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Term
|
Definition
| showed that an avirulent microbe could be turned into a virulent microbe |
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Term
|
Definition
| showed that DNA was the genetic material inside the cell |
|
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Term
| What did Watson and Crick do? |
|
Definition
| showed that DNA had a double helix shape, base pairings and suggested DNA replicated |
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Term
|
Definition
| bacterial sex, plus cell is male, negative cell is female, plus cell has a conjugation pili or sex pili and a plasmid. Plasmid is transferred from the plus cell to negative cell via conjugation pili. |
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Term
| A bacterial example that Superoxide dismutase is used for. |
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Definition
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Term
| A bacterial example that Peroxidase is used for. |
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Definition
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Term
| A Bacterial example that Catalase is used for. |
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Definition
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