Term
|
Definition
| the process of detecting external events by sense organs and turning those events into neutral signals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves attending to, organizing, and interpreting stimuli that we sense |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process in which physical or chemical stimulation is converted into a nerve impulse that is relayed to the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the reduction of activity in sensory receptors with repeated exposure to a stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the field of study that explores how physical energy such as light and sound and their intensity relate to psychological experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the minimum amount of energy or quantity of a stimulus required for it to be reliably detected at least 50% of the time it is presented |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smallest detectable difference between stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| whether a stimulus is percieved depends on both sensory experience and judgement made by the subject |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when prior knowledge and expectations guide what is percieved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| constructing a whole stimulus or concept from bits of raw sensory information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a failure to notice clearly visible events or objects because attention is directed elsewhere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the white, outer surface of the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clear layer that covers the front portion of the eye and also contributes to the eye's ability to focus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates the amount of light that enters by changing its size; it dialates to allow more light to enter and constricts to allow less light into the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| actually a round muscle that adjusts the size of the pupil; it also gives the eyes their characteristic color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a clear structure that focuses light onto the back of the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lines the inner surface of the eye and consists of specialized receptors that absorb light and send signals related to the properties of light to the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| photoreceptors that are sensitivee to the different wavelengths of light that we percieve as color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the central region of the retina that contains the highest concentration of cones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| photoreceptors that occupy peripheral regions of the retina; they are highly sensitive under low light levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which the rods and cones become increasingly sensitive to light under low levels of illumination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cluster of neurons that gather sensory information, exit at the back of the eye, and connect with the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to percieve objects as having constant shape, size, and color despite changes in perspective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distance cues that are based on the differing perspectives of both eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of binocular depth cue; occurs when the eye muslces contract so that both eyes focus on a single object |
|
|
Term
retinal disparity
(binocular disparity) |
|
Definition
| the difference in relative position of an object as seen by both eyes, which provides information to the brain about depth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depth cues that we can percieve with only one eye |
|
|
Term
trichromatic theory
(Young-Helmholtz theory) |
|
Definition
| maintains that color vision is determined by three different cone types that are sensitive to short, medium, and long wavelengths of light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| states that we percieve color in terms of opposite ends of the spectrum: red to green, yellow to blue, and white to black |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the perpetual experience of sound wave frequencies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fluid-filled membrane that is coiled in a snail-like shape and contains the structures that convert sound into neural impulses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of identifying where sound comes from |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how we percieve pitch is based on the location or place along the basilar membrane that sound stimulates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the perception of pitch is related to the frequency at which the basilar membrane vibrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a major perceptual center of the brain involved in percieving what we hear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| results when any of the physical structures that conduct sound waves to the cochlea are damaged |
|
|
Term
| sensorineural hearing loss |
|
Definition
| results from damage to the cohlear hair cells and the neurons composing the auditory nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the active, exploratory aspect of touch sensation and perception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sense of bodily motion and position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the activity of nerve pathways that respond to uncomfortable stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| explains our experience of pain as an interaction between nerves that transmit pain messages and those that inhibit these messages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functions in the sensation and perception of taste |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involved in smell-the detection of airborne particles with specialized receptors located in the nose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a thin layer of cells that are lined by sensory receptors called cilia |
|
|
