Term
| What are some less common causes of vomiting? |
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Definition
| Shock, antineoplastics, radiation, and disturbances of the middle ear that affect equilibrium. |
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Term
| Antiemetics can mask the underlying cause of vomiting and should not be used until the cause has been determined, unless: |
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Definition
| The vomiting is so severe as to cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. |
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Term
| What are the two major cerebral centers that cause vomiting when stimulated? |
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Definition
Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CTZ, lies near the medulla)
&
Vomiting center (In the medulla) |
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Term
| Which center receives most of the impulses from drugs, toxins, and the vestibular center in the ear and transmits them to the vomiting center? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which neurotransmitter stimulates the CTZ, which in turn stimulates the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Levodopa is a drug with dopamine-like properties. It acts by stimulating |
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Definition
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Term
| What sensory impulses are transmitted directly to the vomiting center? |
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Definition
Odor
Smell
Taste
Gastric mucosal irritation |
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Term
| The neurotransmitter _______ is a vomiting stimulant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when the vomiting center is stimulated? |
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Definition
The motor center is stimulated.
The motor neuron responds by causing contraction of the diaphragm, the anterior abdominal muscles, and the stomach.
The glottis closes.
The abdominal wall moves upward.
Vomiting occurs. |
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Term
| When N/V occurs, what measures should be used first? |
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Definition
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Term
| If nonpharmacologic measures are not ineffective, what is combined with these measures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nonprescription antiemitics include (4): |
|
Definition
Antihistamines
Bismuth
Subsalicylate
Phosphorated carbohydrate solution |
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Term
| Prescription antiemetics include (7): |
|
Definition
Antihistamines
Dopamine antagonists
Benzodiazepines
Serotonin antagonists
Glucocorticoids
Cannabinoids
Misc. |
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Term
| Nonpharmacologic methods of decreasing N/V include |
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Definition
Weak tea
Flattened carbonated beverages
Gelatin
Gatorade/Pedialyte
Crackers/Toast
IV fluids to restore fluid balance |
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Term
| Non rx antiemetics frequently used to prevent: |
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Definition
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Term
| Non rx antiemetics have a minimal effect on controlling severe vomiting resulting from: |
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Definition
Anticancer agents
Radiation
Toxins |
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Term
| To relieve motion sickness, antivomiting agents should be administered at least __ minutes before travel. |
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Definition
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