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Chapter 4
Chapter 4 flashcards
91
History
10th Grade
11/30/2014
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Term
Who was the militia colonel at the Battle of Bunker Hill?
 Definition
William Prescott
Term
Who was the British general to surrender to Washington?
 Definition
Charles Cornwallis
Term
A group of prominent colonial leaders who met in September 1744 to establish a political group that would fight for American interests and to challenge British rule.
 Definition
The Continental Army
Term
Who sent 3,000 Redcoats to Boston?
 Definition
King George 3rd
Term
Who were among the delegates who attended the Continental Congress?
 Definition
Samual Adams, John Adams, John Jay, Richard Henry Lee, Patric Henry, and George Washington.
Term
Who also prepared themselves for War?
 Definition
The British, duh.
Term
What British general had several thousand soldiers in and around Boston?
 Definition
British General Sir Thomas Gage.
Term
What Church lit lanterns in Boston to determine which way the British were going?
 Definition
Old North Church.
Term
What lieutenant colonel was sent to arrest rebel leaders?
 Definition
Francis Smith.
Term
When in what year was Francis Smith's orders to take away weapons and arrest rebel leaders?
 Definition
April 1775.
Term
What two men rose to Lexington to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock that the redcoats were coming?
 Definition
Paul Revere and William Prescott.
Term
Who had 12 kids?
 Definition
Paul Revere; his first wife died after 6!
Term
70 militia met up with 700 British soldiers in the battle of [blank].
 Definition
Lexington.
Term
How did the battle of Lexington occur?
 Definition
Francis Smith goes ''Go away, rebel scum!'', the go to leave, farmer trips over gun, it fires, and shots are ''exchanged''.
Term
73 British were killed, and 200 were wounded, in the Battle of [Blank].
 Definition
Concord.
Term
Who won the Battle of Concord?
 Definition
'Merica!
Term
After winning the Battle of Lexington, the British continued to what town?
 Definition
Concord.
Term
But the minutemen were waiting all along the British return trail, ready to practice what kind of sneak-attack battle technique, which means what in what language?
 Definition
Guerrilla Warfare; Small War; Spain's Spanish.
Term
Britain had control of which four towns during this time?
 Definition
Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and Charlestown.
Term
Who led the Green Mountain Boys, and captured Fort Ticonderoga on May 10, 1775?
 Definition
Ethan Allen (Shrek, hence, ''Green'').
Term
When did the Battle of Bunker Hill occur?
 Definition
June 16, 1775.
Term
Why did the Patriots lost the Battle of Bunker Hill?
 Definition
Lack of Ammunition.
Term
Why was Fort Ticonderoga Important?
 Definition
Because it had over 70 cannons.
Term
Who dragged over 70 cannons to Doorchester Hights and aimed them down on the British in Boston?
 Definition
Henry Knox, working alongside with George Washington.
Term
In addition to the delegates of the First Continental Congress, who joined the Second Continental Congress?
 Definition
Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, and Thomas Jefferson.
Term
What did the Second Continental Congress do as it governed the colonies?
 Definition
  • Authorized the printing of money ($)
  • Set up a Post Office
  • Established a Continental Army with George Washington as its leader.
Term
Who was the first postmaster general under the Second Continental Congress?
 Definition
Benjamin Franklin.
Term
Who was the first Postmaster General under the Constitution?
 Definition
Samuel Osgood.
Term
On what day of what year did Washington surround the British Army in Boston and drive the British out?
 Definition
March 17, 1776.
Term
Who formed a committee to draft a Declaration of Independence?
 Definition
Congress.
Term
Who were five members of this Congress?
 Definition
Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman of Connecticut, and Robert Livingston of New York.
Term
When was the first Declaration of Independence written, reviewed and changed?
 Definition
July 2, 1776.
Term
What is the only colony that did not ratify the Declaration of Independence?
 Definition
New York.
Term
How many people signed the Declaration of Independence?
 Definition
56 People.
Term
Who was the first person to sign the Declaration of Independence?
 Definition
John Hancock.
Term
How many sections does the Declaration of Independence include?
 Definition
4 Sections.
Term
What did these four sections include?
 Definition
  • The preamble.
  • A list of rights of the colonists.
  • A list of over 30 grievances against Britain.
  • A proclamation claiming the emergence of a new nation.
Term
Who wrote Wealth of Nations in 1776?
 Definition
Adam Smith.
Term
In what year did Spain declare war on Britain.
 Definition
1779.
Term
In what year did Holland begin fighting with Britain?
 Definition
1780.
Term
During the Summer of [Blank], Britain sent over 32,000 troops to fight in America.
 Definition

1777.
Term
The British defeated the Continental Army in the Battle of [Blankedy-blank] in August.
 Definition
The Battle of Long Island.
Term
After the defeat, where did Washington retreat?
 Definition
To Manhattan, and across New Jersey into Pennsylvania.
Term
What challenges did the Continental Army face?
 Definition
  • It ran short of supplies.
  • The size of the army shrank.
  • The soldiers became discouraged.
  • Some soldiers finished their one-year term and went home.
  • Others just ran away.
Term

By the end of the war, every state except [blank] had enlisted African Americans.

 

 Definition
South Carolina.
Term
When did South Carolina succeed from the union in what battle?
 Definition
1861; The Battle of Fort Sumpter.
Term
People who came to Florida usually came from where?
 Definition
South Carolina.
Term
What was Florida commonly called?
 Definition
The Northern State in the South.
Term
What was the first state to have an ''All-black militia''? Which was the [blanked] regiment?
 Definition
Rhode Island. 54th Regiment.
Term
America scored victories at what two places in New Jersey?
 Definition
Princeton and Trenton.
Term
In December of 1776, Washington captured what fraction of the British Army in the form of Mercinaries in Trenton?
 Definition
1/10. Take that, Britain!
Term
The British sent even more troops under what general?
 Definition
Lord Charles Cornwallis.
Term
Washington met Cornwallis in [blank] and drove away how many British?
 Definition
Princeton; 7000.
Term
Britain planned to gain control of what two places in order to seperate New England from the Middle Colonies?
 Definition
Albany and the Hudson River.
Term
First, [Blank Blank] would lead troops South from Canada.
 Definition
John Burgoyne.
Term
Next, [Blank Blank] would move east of Lake Ontario.
 Definition
Lieutenant Colonel Barry St. Leger.
Term
Finally, [Blank Blank] would move north from New York City and they would all meet in Albany.
 Definition
General Howe.
Term
Of Course, what can we say happened to this plan.
 Definition
EPIC FAIL.
Term
What happened to John Burgoyne?
 Definition
He got lost in the woods and retreated to Saratoga.
Term
What happened to Lieutenant Colonel Barry St. Leger?
 Definition
He didn't show up.
Term
What happened to General Howe?
 Definition
He diverted.
Term
What happened that gave Britain a little leeway?
 Definition
Howe's troops captured Philadelphia, and the Continental Congress fled to the countryside.
Term
American forces led by [Blank Blank] forced the British to retreat to what fort in New York?
 Definition
Benedict Arnold; Fort Stanwix, New York.
Term
After capturing this fort, Burgoyne retreated to Saratoga in October.
 Definition
Fort Ticonderoga.
Term
Why did Burgoyne have to retreat to Saratoga?
 Definition
He ran short of supplies. Irony.
Term
Who won the battle of Saratoga.
 Definition
Needless to say, not the British.
Term
On what day of what year did Burgoyne surrender to Washington?
 Definition
October 17, 1777.
Term
What continent also aided the Americans with the war?
 Definition
Europe.
Term
Why did France and Spain help the Americans?
 Definition
Because they were at war with, and hated the British.
Term
What country had the largest merchant company in the world?
 Definition
The Netherlands.
Term
What weapons did France supply the Americans with to fight the British?
 Definition
Modern Muskets and Heavy Cannons.
Term
What spanish governor of Louisiana helped the American war effort?
 Definition
Bernardo De Galvez.
Term
Where did Washington's troops spend a hard winter?
 Definition
Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.
Term
What helped reassure Washington's soldiers?
 Definition
News of France's alliances.
Term
What European man offered his services at Valley Forge and became one of Washington's closest allies?
 Definition
Marquis De Lafayette.
Term
Who taught discipline to Washington's troops?
 Definition
Freidrich Von Steuben.
Term
What did Congress due in order to pay for the war?
 Definition
Printed hundreds of millions of dollars of paper money.
Term
The money quickly lost its value, which led to [blank].
 Definition
Inflation.
Term
The British blockaded American harbors using what British warships?
 Definition
Ships of the line, harboring an average of 3 decks of guns.
Term
What did America use to counter these British Warships?
 Definition
They used Privateers, or 2,000 pirates, sent by Congress.
Term
Who later became known as Blackbeard?
 Definition
Edward Teach.
Term
What were Privateers?
 Definition
Privately owned merchant ships with weapons, each containing 5-6 cannons.
Term
Who became a naval hero as a result of his battle near the coast of Great Britain in September of 1779?
 Definition
John Paul Jones.
Term
Why did John Paul Jones stand up to the British?
 Definition
He had no fear. He was insane. But a good insane.
Term
What ships did John Paul Jones use to fight the British.
 Definition
Bonhomme Richard, against the HMS Serapis.
Term
What technique did Privateers have to use in order to defeat British Ships of The Line?
 Definition
''Crossing the T''.
Term
By what year did Britain realize how difficult it would be to push the American colonies back into their empire?
 Definition
1778.
Term
In what direction did Britain focus their efforts on?
 Definition
The South.
Term
In late 1778, the British occupied what place?
 Definition
Savannah, Georgia.
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