Term
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Definition
-The sum of all chemical reactions in the body
-Can be divided into Anabolism and Catabolism |
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Term
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Definition
-Breaks larger molecules into smaller ones
-Hydrolysis |
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Term
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Definition
-Produces larger molecules from smaller ones
-Requires input of energy
-Provides substance for cellular growth and repair process
-Dehydration Synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
-Breaks down polysaccharides or disaccharides into monosaccharides
-Proteins/enzymes will break down to form amino acids
-Fats will break down to form fatty acids and glycerol
-Processes are controlled by enzymes
-Metabolic reactions are often reversible
-Both anabolism and catabolism must be balanced for healthy cells |
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Term
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Definition
-Monosaccharides join to form polysaccharides and disaccharides
-Amino Acids join to form proteins/enzymes
-Amino Acids -> Dipeptides -> Polypeptides
-Over 100 amino acids join to form proteins
-Fatty acids and glycerol join to form fats |
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Term
| Control of Metabolic Reactions |
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Definition
• Different cells in the body may have different metabolic processes.
• But all cells will have some common processes to metabolize fat, protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid.
• Enzymes act as catalyst in the process.
• Enzymes remain unchanged at the end of the process.
• Enzymes are needed in small quantities.
• Enzymes are reusable, as they are not consumed during reactions.
Substrate + enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| An enzyme that splits fat into fatty acid glycerol |
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Term
| Sucrase, Maltase, Lactase |
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Definition
| They split sucrose, maltose, and lactose to make glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Splits carbohydrate into disaccharide |
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Term
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Definition
| Splits proteins into peptides |
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Term
| Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxipeptidase, Peptidase |
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Definition
| Split peptides into amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Mostly vitamins
-remain unaltered during reactions so they can be used over and over
-human bodies require small amounts of vitamins
-vitamins come from diet
-heat, radiations, pH, chemicals etc all degrade enzymes |
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Term
| Energy and Metabolic Reactions |
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Definition
-cells need sources of energy for metabolic reactions
-metabolic reactions also produce energy
-cells capture about 1/2 of energy produced, such as ATP
-ATP supplies energy for various cell processes
-About 1/2 of the energy released as heat |
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Term
| Energy and Metabolic Reactions |
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Definition
-cells need sources of energy for metabolic reactions
-metabolic reactions also produce energy
-cells capture about 1/2 of energy produced, such as ATP
-ATP supplies energy for various cell processes
-About 1/2 of the energy released as heat |
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Term
| Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain |
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Definition
-Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol, CAC and ETC occur in the mitochondria
-Process produces H20 + CO2 + Energy
-1/2 of energy produced is ATP
-1/2 of energy produced is heat |
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Term
| How many ATP molecules does Glycolysis produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many ATP molecules does Citric Acid Cycle produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many ATP molecules does Electron Transport Chain produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cellular Respiration requires ____ and ___ respiration |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Metabolic Pathways are regulated by |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making a specific protein. |
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Term
| A DNA molecule consists of____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Each chain in DNA molecule consists of |
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Definition
| 5-carbon sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen Bases |
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Term
| The nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule are |
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Definition
| Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine |
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Term
| Which Nitrogen bases pair together? |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA molecule have how many strands |
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Definition
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Term
| Instead of Thiamine RNA contains |
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Definition
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Term
| mRNA that binds to Ribosomes has ____. |
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Definition
| Codes for amino Acids called CODONs |
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Term
| Each codon consists of ___ bases. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Substances that induce mutation
e.g. - chemicals, radiation, temperature |
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