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Study of the interaction of living organisms with one another and with their nonliving environmrnt of matter and energy; study of the structure and functions of nature. |
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a cell containing a nucleus, a region of genetic material surrounded by a membrane. Membranes also enclosed by saeveral internal parts. |
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| Cell that does not have a nucleus and internal parts are not enclosed by a membrane. |
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Group of organusms that resemble one another in appearence, behavior, chemical makeup and proccesses, and genetic struce. |
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common in species such as bacteria with only one cell which divides to produce 2 identical cells that are clones or replicas of the original cell |
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| occurs in organisms that produce offspring by combining sex cells or gametes from both parents. |
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| consists of a group of interacting individuals of the same species that occupy a specific area at the same time. |
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| Variability in the genetic makeup amoung individuals within a single species. |
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| Place or type of place where an organism or population of organusms lives |
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| populations of all specias living and interacting in an area at a particular time |
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| Communityof different species interacting wiht one another and with the chemical and physical factors making upits nonliving environment |
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| Whole mass of air surrounding the earth. |
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| Innermost layer of the atmosphere. It contains about 75% of the mass of earth's air and extens about 11 miles above sea level. |
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| Second layer of the atmosphere, extending 11-30 miles above the earths surface. It contains small amounts of gaseous ozone qhich filters about 95% of ultra violet radiation emitted by the sun. |
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| The earth's liquid , frozen water, and small amounts of water vapor in the atmosphere |
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Zone of the earth where life is found. It consits of parts of the atmosphere, hyrdosphere, and lithosphere where life is found. |
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Natural Greenhouse effect |
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| Heat built up in the triosphere because of the pressure of certain gases called green house gases. WIthout this effect, the earth would be cold. |
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| Terrestrial regions inhabited by certain types of life, especially vegetation. |
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| Physical properties of the troposhere of an area based on analysis of its weather records over a long period |
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Marine and freshwater portions of the biospher. (ex. lakes, streams, estuares and coastlines) |
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| Tranditional zone in which one type of ecosystem tends to merge with another ecosystem. |
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| Range of chemical and physical conditions that must be maintained for populations of a particular species to stay alive and grow, develop, and function normally. |
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| Existence, abundance and distribution of a species in an ecosystem are determined by where the levels of one or more physical or chemical factors fall within the range tolerated by the species |
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| Single factor that limits the growth, abundance, or distribution of the population of a species in an ecosystem. |
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| Organism that uses solar energy or chemical energy to manufacture the organic compounds it needs as nutrients from simple inorganic compounds obtained from its environment. |
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| Compex process that takes place in cells of green plants. Radiant energy from the sun is used to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen and carbohydrates and other nutrient molecules |
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| Process in which certain organisms extract inorganic compounds from their environment and convert them into organic nutrient compounds without the presence of sunlight. |
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Organism that cannot synthesize the organic nutrients by feeding on the tissues of preoducers or of other consumers |
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Organism that feeds on all or part of plants (herbiovore) or on other producers |
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| Animal that feeds on other animals |
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| Organism that feeds only on primary consumers |
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| Animals that feed on animal-eating animals. |
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| Animal that can use both plants and other animals as food sources |
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Organism that feeds on dead organisms that were killed by other organisms or died naturally. |
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| Consumer organism that feeds on detritus, parts of dead organisms and cast-off fragments and wastes of living organisms. |
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| Parts of dead organisms and cast-off fragments and wastes of living organisms |
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| Organisms that digests parts of dead organisms and cast off fragments and wastes of living organisms by breaking down the complex organic molecules in those materials into simpler inorganic compounds and then absorbing the soluble nutrients. Producers return most of these chemicals to the soil and water for reuse. |
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Complex process that occurs in the cells of most living organisms use oxygen to convert organic nutrients |
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Breaking down glucose without useing oxygen |
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| Variability in the genetic makeup among individuals within a single species. |
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| Number of different species and their relative abundances in a given area |
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| Variety of forests, desrts, grasslands, oceans, streams, lakes and other biological communities interacting with one another and with their nonliving environment |
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| Biological and chemical process of functions such as energy flow and matter cycling needed for the survival of species and biological communities. |
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Organic matter produced by plants and other photosynthetic producers; total dry weight of all living organisms that can be supported at each trophic level in a food chain or web; dry weight of all organic matter in plants and animals in an exosystem; plant materials and anumal wastes used as fuels (the dry weight of all organic matter contained in tits organism) |
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| Complex network of many interconnected food chains and feeding relationships. |
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% of energy transferred from one trophic level to another in a food chain or web |
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| Diagram representing the flow of energy through each trophic level in a food chain or food web. With each energy transfer only a small part of the usable energy entering one trophic level is transfered to the organisms at the next trophic level |
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| Gross primary productivity (GPP) |
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| Rate at which an ecosystem's producers capture and store a given amount of chemical energy as biomass in a given lenght of time. |
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| Net primary productivity (NPP) |
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Rate at which all the plants in an ecosystem produce net useful chemical energy; equal to the difference between the rate at which the plants in an ecosystem produce useful chemical energy and the rate at which they use some of that energy through cellular repiration. |
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