Term
|
Definition
| The science of the preparation of drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of the fate of drugs in the body and their actions on the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of the behavioral effects of drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The effect of the body on the drug; movement of drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The effect of the drug on the body |
|
|
Term
| What four factors are involved in pharmacokinetics? |
|
Definition
| Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion |
|
|
Term
| What influences how well a drug passes through a membrane? |
|
Definition
| Concentration-drugs move from high to low concentration |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important factor in movement due to concentration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the rule for lipid/water solubility? |
|
Definition
| Like dissolves in like: membranes are made up of lipids, so if the drug dissolves in fat, it will dissolve into a membrane to move across it |
|
|
Term
| What are the steps of drug distribution? |
|
Definition
1. Enters the bloodstream
2. Binds to plasma proteins
3. Travels through the body
a4. Site of action (brain)
a5. Desired effect
b4. Accumulation in other tissue
b5. Either toxicity or storage depot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any process that chemically changes a drug in the body |
|
|
Term
| What is the major site of drug metabolism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effects could metabolism have on a drug? |
|
Definition
| Make the drug more active or less active, or have no effect on drug activity |
|
|
Term
| During excretion, what does the liver do to a drug? |
|
Definition
| Turns it into water soluble molecules and passes them into the urine |
|
|
Term
| What is the major site of drug excretion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Quantity of drug administered |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Administrations of drug per unit of time |
|
|
Term
| What determines the effects of a drug, and what are these effects determined by? |
|
Definition
Concentration of drug at site of action, rate of accumulation at site of action
Dose and pharmacokinetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shows the relationship between the dose administered and the response observed |
|
|
Term
| How is a dose-response curve graphed? |
|
Definition
X axis: dose
Y axis: response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of dose-response curve where doses and responses increase together |
|
|
Term
| Curvilinear/biphasic function |
|
Definition
| Dose-response curve where doses and responses first increase together, but then the effect decreases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Effective dose for half of the subjects tested |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lethal dose for half of the subjects tested |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unintended effects that accompany the desired effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How safe a drug is-shown as the ration of the LD50 to ED50. The greater the ratio, the safer the drug (optimally >100) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How well a drug can produce a given effect (effect) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How much of a drug is needed to produce a given effect (Amount) |
|
|
Term
| Why do drugs vary in their effectiveness? |
|
Definition
1. Drugs may have different mechanisms of action
2. Drugs may have different affinities for the molecules they attach to |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How well two molecules bind together |
|
|
Term
| How is tolerance viewed in relation to the brain? |
|
Definition
| It is the brains attempt at maintaining it's normal level of functioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that mimics or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that inhibits the effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that binds with and activates a receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that binds with a receptor and blocks it; prevents the natural ligand from binding to the receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The binding of a drug to a receptor, but does not interfere with the binding site for the natural ligand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that attaches to a binding site on a receptor and starts the action of the receptor (noncompetitive) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug that attaches to a binding site on a receptor and interferes with the action of the receptor (noncompetitive) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mechanism of tolerance (agonist); decreases the number of functional receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mechanism of tolerance (agonist); decrease in receptors' ability to cause changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mechanism of tolerance (antagonist); increase in number of functional receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mechanism of tolerance (antagonist); increase in receptors' ability to cause changes |
|
|
