Term
| company internal push system / push logistics |
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Definition
| push the order based on given schedule planned in advance in the direction of the added value, without need of customer influence or a definite customer order. |
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Term
| Company internal pull logistics |
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Definition
| Sales acts as an internal client and pulls the logistics in such a way that the logistics produce the goods ordered for delivery |
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Term
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Definition
| shows the "geography" of resources involved in manufacturing or service process. The course of the order can then be drawn into the layout |
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Term
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Definition
| efficient way of observing the layout of a manufacturing or service process to intuitively find ways to add value to the supply chain (efficiency) |
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Term
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Definition
| analyzing service processes. Separates customer and plant, and service provider actions that occur backstage. Lines of interaction show form of customer involvement and points of contact. Symbols help identify fail points and important contact points. |
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Term
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Definition
| detailed analysis of the process plan on-site that, operation by operation, explains the exact percentages of total lead time |
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Term
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Definition
| illustrates flow of material and information as a product or service moving sequentially through value-adding and non-value adding process steps. |
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Term
| Benefit of value stream mapping |
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Definition
| Helps spot where non-value adding process steps are so that they can possibly be eliminated. Sometimes however those non-value adding steps are there for a reason so don't always remove them. |
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Term
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Definition
| works our a characteristic for planning & control for each product, product family, or within a company |
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Term
| depth of product structure |
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Definition
| Feature that defines the number of structure levels within the total supply chain for the product, company-internal or transcorporate |
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Term
| Orientation of product structure |
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Definition
| feature that indicates whether product structure is convergent (upward facing triangle), or 'D'ivergent ('D'ownward facing triangle) |
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Term
| convergent product structure (A) |
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Definition
| discrete manufacturing, creation of a product from many acomponents |
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Term
| divergent product structure (V) |
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Definition
| various byproducts coming from processing of a basic material |
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Term
| Convergent / divergent structure mix (<>) |
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Definition
| divergent product structure at lower levels, convergent at higher levels (example: different chemical byproducts diverge, and are recombined again to form unique products) |
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Term
| Frequency of Customer Demand |
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Definition
| feature that shows the number of times within defined observable time periods that customers (int or ext) demand a product |
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Term
| continuous demand (value within the frequency of demand feature) |
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Definition
| relatively constant amount of demand along time |
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Term
| discontinuous or lumpy demand (value within the frequency of demand feature) |
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Definition
| demand that is not consistent along the time scale |
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Term
| regular demand (value within the frequency of demand feature) |
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Definition
| demand that has seasonal fluctuation with linear trend |
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Term
| unique demand (value within the frequency of demand feature) |
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Definition
| demand that occurs only once every now and then |
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Term
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Definition
| Feature that determines the strategy for developing product variants and offering it to the customer. Where applicable, there may also be a product variety concept for semi-finished goods. |
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Term
| individual or standard product (value within the product variety concept feature) |
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Definition
| "off the rack" products that have their own complete product structure (no T, just an |) |
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Term
| standard product with options (value within the product variety concept feature) |
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Definition
| small number of variants. Possibly the variants are just an additional feature of the standard product (narrow T) |
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Term
| product family (value within the product variety concept feature) |
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Definition
| Group of products derived from a common product platform. These goods or services use similar or same production processes, have similar physical characteristics (T) |
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Term
| Product family with many variants (value within the product variety concept feature) |
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Definition
| Take the elevator example. A well-defined product or product family that incorporates many variants. Can be in the thousands and millions! Think of a T with a wide line |
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Term
| Product according to changing customer specification (value within the product variety concept feature) |
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Definition
| more like made-to-order. Very wide T. |
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Term
| unit cost of an item (high or low) |
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Definition
| feature that is defined as the total cost for producing or purchasing one unit of measure of the time (one pound, one part) |
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Term
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Definition
| Feature that is a statement on the size and weight per unit of measurement. |
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Term
| Transportable, nontransportable, portable, digitally transmittable |
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Definition
| values for the transportability feature |
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Term
| Depth of product structure, orientation of product structure, frequency of demand, product variety concept, item unit cost, transportability |
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Definition
| The first group of features referring to the products being made |
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Term
| production environment, depth of product structure in the company, facility layout, flexible capability of capacity, quantitatively flexible capacity |
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Definition
| The second group of features referring to the resources going into production |
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Term
| Characteristic in planning & control |
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Definition
| Representation of all values within the main features of a product or product structure |
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Term
| Production environment or manufacturing environment |
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Definition
| feature referring to where the order penetration point is, and what general process occurs after customer order |
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Term
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Definition
| value of the production environment feature that means that parts have to be designed before production |
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Term
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Definition
| value of the production environment feature that means products are finished, and customer orders are fulfilled with direct delivery |
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Term
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Definition
| value of the production environment feature that finished parts or assemblies are stocked, and upon receipt of order they are assembled together for a final product |
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Term
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Definition
| value of the production environment feature means that raw materials are stored, and upon receipt the customers product is produced to their requirement (stocking at level of product and process design) |
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Term
| Depth of product structure In The Company |
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Definition
| feature referring to how many structure levels are within the company |
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Term
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Definition
| how many structure levels are in a trading company (including external production) |
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Term
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Definition
| how many structure levels are in a pure assembly company |
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Term
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Definition
| Feature in reference to production resources that describes what the physical organization of the plant looks like / what kind of production it is mapped out for |
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Term
| fixed-position layout for site, project, or island production |
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Definition
| value within the facility layout feature that describes one work center carrying out all the the operations to produce autonomously |
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Term
| process layout / job shop layout / functional layout |
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Definition
| value within the facility layout feature that describes the existence of 'job shops' that cluster a specific task in that location, where production tasks move between the job shops according to the process plan |
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Term
| single-item-oriented line production |
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Definition
| value within the facility layout feature that describes that production equipment is organized sequentially to produce equipment |
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Term
| high-volume line production |
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Definition
| value within the facility layout feature that describes line production being performed rhythmically at strict time schedules, and work stations being connected efficiently either through conveyors or pipes. |
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Term
| continuous production or continuous flow production |
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Definition
| value within the facility layout feature that describes line production where material flow is continuous and the process is designed to produce as long as possible. |
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Term
| Flexible Capability of Capacity |
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Definition
| feature referring to whether capacity can be implemented for various or for particular processes. This depends on flexibility of employees and other production factors (applicable for many/few/only one process) |
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Term
| (Quantitatively) Flexible Capacity |
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Definition
| feature that refers to flexible capability in terms of time (not flexible / hardly flexible / flexible in terms of time) |
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Term
| production or manufacturing environment |
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Definition
| refers to how a company, product, or service is structured in relation to OPP. This depends on customer tolerance time and cumulative lead times |
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Term
| decreases components purchased from suppliers / increases production structure to product structure ratio |
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Definition
| Increasing number of structure levels does the following... |
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Term
| Optimal capability of capacity |
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Definition
| If capacity flexibility can follow load curve |
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Term
| Seven Features that describe the actual Production or Procurement Order |
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Definition
| Reason for order release / frequency of order repetition / flexibility of order due date / type of long-term orders / order batch size / lot traceability / loops in the order structure |
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Term
| Reason for order release (type of order) |
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Definition
| A feature in reference to the order types that describes why production is necessitated --or-- what type of demand exists. (procurement order / forecast / stock replenishment) |
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Term
| Frequency of order repetition |
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Definition
| A feature in reference to the order types that tells us how often within a certain time period an order is repeated |
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Term
| production without order repetition / with infrequent order repetition / with frequent order repetition |
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Definition
| Values within the frequency of order repetition value that states a specific order will practically never be placed again / will be placed again / will be frequently placed |
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Term
| Flexibility of order due date |
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Definition
| A feature in reference to the order type that indicates whether customers are flexible in regard to delivery (no flexibility / not very flexible / very flexible) |
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Term
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Definition
| A feature in reference to the order types that describes the manner in which long-term planning is done in the supply chain (none / blanket order at capacity / blanket order for a set amount of goods ) |
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Term
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Definition
| A feature in reference to the order types that describes the order quantity (1 single item / small batch production / large batch production / lotless production ) |
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Term
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Definition
| A feature in reference to the order types that describes the information on production of a product |
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Term
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Definition
| describes that the lot traceability is such that it can convey information on what lot, batch, or charge it comes from |
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Term
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Definition
| initial loading of ingredients into a processor such that all products are considered 'identical' |
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Term
| Loops in the order structure |
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Definition
| A feature in reference to the order types that describes whether loops exist in the production structure. This means whether product components are reused upstream (product structure with loops), or whether sequences need to be repeated (undirected network of operations) |
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Term
| Examples would be anticipated production like with Lindt bunnies... production is such that there is frequent order repetition but customer demand is unique. Another example is with batch production of pharmaceuticals, where drugs are produced en masse at irregular intervals but customer demand is steady. |
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Definition
| An example to show that frequency of order repetition and frequency of consumer demand |
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Term
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Definition
| the sector or segment of business a company engages in |
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Term
| A 'branch model' of planning and control |
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Definition
| groups together concepts appropriate to specific branches, including suitable types of business processes and business methods. |
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Term
| Shows that facility layout and product variety are correlated |
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Definition
| As product variety moves from many variants to few variants AND facility layout moves from island production to continuous production |
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Term
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Definition
| Separated into 5 groups that have their own distinct set of characteristics in terms of planning and control and logistics management. |
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Term
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Definition
| Production type encompassing engineered-to-order of made-to-order products, sometimes configured out of a product family with large # of variants |
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Term
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Definition
| Production type that encompasses the production of customized product families that have high volumes and low production costs "high value repetitive manufacturing with high variety" |
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Term
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Definition
| Production type involving production of generally wide variety of standard products or variants of a product family manufactured in batches either to order or to stock |
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Term
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Definition
| Production type that uses production lines, assembly lines, or cells. Work orders are not necessary and production scheduling is based on production rates (flow control) |
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Term
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Definition
| Production type with hiqh-quantity production characterized by specialization of equipment and labor |
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Term
| 4 Concepts of Planning & Control |
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Definition
| Make sure to study image! Concepts are made of particular types of business processes and mehtods for order planning and fulfillment. Know difference between this and production types! |
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Term
| MRP II concept (manufacturing resource planning) |
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Definition
| Concept of planning & control created in the USA in the 60s. Deals with clearly convergent product structures. Consists of 3 ranges of planning & control |
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Term
| Lean / Just-in-time concept |
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Definition
| Concept of planning & control developed in Japan in the 70s. Similar to MRP concept focused on delivery as a priority |
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Term
| Variant-oriented concepts |
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Definition
| Concepts of planning and control originating in Europe in the 70s that deals with product families, one-of-a-kind production, and mass customization. |
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Term
| Processor-oriented concepts |
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Definition
| Concepts of planning & control originating in USA in the 80s for processor industries. "Process flow scheduling" that considers divergent product structures, concepts for continuous production and campaign planning. |
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Term
| Choosing the right branch model, production type, and concept of planning & control |
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Definition
| Challenge in logistics management of an Enterprise |
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