Term
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Definition
| The process of breaking down foods into small absorbable units |
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Term
| Macronutrients breakdown into... |
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Definition
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Term
| Products of macronutrient digestion |
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Definition
Protein: amino acids
Starch: glucose
Fat: fatty acids |
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Term
| What types of processes break down food to nutrients? |
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Definition
Mechanical: chewing
Chemical: pouring chemicals on the food to break it down |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Do we digest our enzymes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Raw foods supply usable enzymes
Enzyme supplements improve food digestion |
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Term
| Digestive enzymes for macro nutrients |
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Definition
Proteases: protein
Amylases: starch
Lipases: lipids |
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Term
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Definition
| Movenent is the nutrients to the blood stream |
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Term
| About what percent of nutrients are absorbed |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Mouth, pharynx, stomach, small intestines. Large intestines |
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Term
| Accessory organs of the GI Tract |
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Definition
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Term
| Transit time in the GI tract |
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Definition
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Term
| What processes propel food and prevent backflow? |
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Definition
Peristalsis: wavelike muscular contractions
Sphincters |
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Term
| Sphincters in the GI tract |
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Definition
| Upper esophigial, lower esophigial, pyloric, anal (2), uleoceal |
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Term
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) |
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Definition
Backflow of stomach contents
Heart burn
Don't squeeze the stomach, eat small meals, specific foods to avoid |
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Term
| What prevents digestion of the GI Tract itself? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Erosion of mucosal tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Esophigial
Gastric
Duodernal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Infection
Aspirin and other drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| GI tract lining that secretes mucus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Chewing
Saliva: mucus, antibacterial substances,
Starch digestion: amylase
Swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
Tounge: taste buds
Nasal cavity: olfactory cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Sweet, sour, butter, salty, savory |
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Term
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Definition
Shared path for digestive/ respiratory function
Role of epiglottis: blocks airways when swallowing to prevent choking, airways are open all the time |
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Term
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Definition
Peristalsis: propels the bolus
Sphincters: controls the pasaage |
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Term
Stomach: temporary storage. Mixing protein digestion
Controlled emptying |
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Definition
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Term
| Stomach: digestive process |
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Definition
Stomach churning
Gastric juice: HCL: hydrochloride acid. Pepsin: a protease |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecule that releases H+ ions (lower pH |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecule that releases OH- ions (higher pH) |
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Term
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Definition
1-6 acid
7 neutral
8-14 base |
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Term
| Actions of hydrochloric acid (HCL) in the stomach |
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Definition
1. Denaturation (unfolding) of protein
2. Activation of pepsin
3. Kills bacteria |
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Term
| Why isn't pepsin destroyed by the acid? |
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Definition
| Because its designed to withstand the acid |
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Term
| Absorption in the stomach |
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Definition
1. Alcohol (~1/4 of total)
2. Aspirin and other drugs |
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Term
| Stomach emptying: effects of sphincter |
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Definition
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Term
| Stomach emptying: Carbohydrate vs. fat |
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Definition
Carbs: fastest stomach emptying
Fat: slowest stomach emptying |
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Term
| Stomach emptying: effect of stomach emptying on glucose |
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Definition
| Rate of stomach emptying influences blood glucose levels |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the most digestion and absorption occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| Duodenum (12 first 12 inches) jejunum, ileum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Role of pancreas in digestion |
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Definition
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Term
| Pancreas in digestion: secretes |
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Definition
Bicarbonate: neutralizes acid chyme, stomach acid: NPH2
Enzymes: proteases, amylase, lipase |
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Term
| Mixing of small intestinal contents: segmentation of contractions: |
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Definition
| Chyme mixed with pancreatic secretions |
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Term
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Definition
| Change of amino acids. (Di and tri peptides |
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Term
Starch digestion: small intestine
Amylase snips off
2 glucose and 3 glucose
2 glucose = maltose |
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Definition
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Term
| Role of gallbladder in digestion |
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Definition
| Bile storage, secretion. Stores and secretes bile: an emulsifier |
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Term
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Definition
breaking down the bile. Fat tends to separate out of solution. Bile stabilizes the fatty droplets in the watery chyme
Fat and water don't mix. Bile stabilizes fatty droplets. |
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Term
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Definition
| Water, bile salts, cholesterol, lecithin pigments |
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Term
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Definition
1. Emulsification with bile
2. Digestion with lipase |
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Term
| What percent of meat is digested? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of plant products are digested? |
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Definition
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Term
| Some food needs no digestion, some substances can not be digested |
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Definition
Single sugars need no digestion
Free amino acids need no digestion |
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Term
| Summary of digestion: protein |
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Definition
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Term
| Summary of digestion: starch |
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Definition
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Term
| Summary of digestion: fat |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer of nutrients across the cells and Into the blood stream |
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Term
| Factors that increase the intestinal surface area |
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Definition
1. Folds in mucosal surface
2 vino
3. Micro vino |
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Term
| Mechanisms of nutrient absorption |
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Definition
1. Simple diffusion
2. Facilitated diffusion
3. Active transport |
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Term
| Where do nutrients go after absorption? Water solvable |
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Definition
| Enter the blood capillaries |
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Term
| Where do the nutrients go after digestion: fat solvable |
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Definition
| Enter the lymphatic capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| Has key roles in immunity |
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Term
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Definition
Pathway: villus capillaries - portal vein - liver
Water soluble amino acids. Su peptides, tri peptides, glucose salt. |
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Term
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Definition
| Limits blood vessels of the digestive tract an the liver |
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Term
| Fat soluble nutrients: pathway: |
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Definition
Lacteals - lymphatic vessels - blood stream
Liver is bypassed |
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Term
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Definition
| Induces the colon and rectum |
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Term
| Colon contents after digestion |
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Definition
| Fluid, fiver, salts, bacteria 10^12 ml) |
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Term
| What remains after digestion and absorption? |
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Definition
| Fiver, un digested materials, water, sodium patassium |
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Term
| Roles of the large intestine: bacteria: |
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Definition
Fiber - nutrients
By products: gas |
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Term
| Roles of the large intestines: rectum |
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Definition
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Term
| Composition of stools: substance in stool: |
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Definition
Bile: bilirubin
Sloughed off intestinal cells
Water, mucus, fiber, bacteria |
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Term
| How often is intestinal lining replaced |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Claims to help digestion with probiotics.
Not true |
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Term
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Definition
| If you "go" less than 3 times a week |
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Term
| How constipation develops |
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Definition
| Process: long transit time - water removed = dry stool |
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Term
| Keys to shortening transit time |
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Definition
| Fiber, adequate fluids, activity |
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Term
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Definition
Inducting peristalsis
Increasing water contents of stool
Increasing stool weight and bulk |
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Term
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Definition
| Short transit- excessive water |
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Term
| Frequent causes of diarrhea |
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Definition
| Infection, Unabsorbed carbs |
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Term
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Definition
| Dehydration, electrolyte loss |
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Term
| Intestinal gas (flatulence) contributing factors: |
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Definition
| Un digested dietary substances, swallowing air, smoking, chewing, carbonated beverages |
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Term
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Definition
| Advertisements show pictures of unhappy colon. They make you buy a bunch of stuff to eat and then when it comes out they make you think that it actually helped. It's fake. |
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Term
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Definition
| They feed customers special type of clay (bentonite) and a gelling fiver. What comes out is really what you ate |
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Term
| Liver and gallbladder flushes. |
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Definition
| Also fake, make you eat a bunch of stuff which creates soaps that are claimed to be gull stones. They are large, bile stained, no cholesterol, soft too many and they float, UNLIKE REAL GULL STONES |
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Term
| How digestion/ abrogation processes are regulated |
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Definition
| Neverus system control (vagus nerve ) |
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Term
| Hormonal secretions: gastrin |
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Definition
| Controls stomach secretions |
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Term
| Hormonal secretions: secretin |
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Definition
| Controls pancreatic secretions. Travels to pancreas |
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Term
| Hormonal secretions: cholecystokinin(CCK) |
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Definition
| Controls the bile secretion in the bill bladder |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical signal sent from one organ/ tissue to another through the blood |
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