Term
| Nativists (Sociobiologists Believe): |
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Definition
| Sociobiologists believe that genes explain all behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| Evolutionary Psychologists, Sociobiologists, and Evolutionary Biologists |
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Definition
| Sociobiologists believed that genes explain all behaviors |
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| Evolutionary Psychology: Who, and what they believed |
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Definition
| Charles Darwin (Help us to see how parts of the brain evolved to what they did),and Herbert Spencer(1870 Social Darwinism, then applied to human activity). They do studies on how genetic traits influence most behaviors (Natural selections has shaped common human traits: language, memory, emotions, etc.) |
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| Problems associated with lower IQ: |
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Definition
1) Prenatal care vs. learning disability
2) Nutrition = 20 pt IQ difference
3) Toxins (ex: lead poisoning 9% white vs. 21% black)
4) Mental stimulation = more neural networks
5) FAMILY SIZE: IQ drops with birth order and big families
6) Stressful family circumstances; (if no risk, +30 pts – 2 standard deviations) divorce, no job, mom mentally ill, etc… each factor -2 pts
7) Parent-child interactions (read to child, trips, talking meaningfully to kids – all create competence
8) INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCES can dramatically increase competence, IQ, etc… HAVING A GREAT TEACHER, WINNING A BIG PRIZE, FEELING ACCEPTED BY PARENT(S) |
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Term
| What does it mean to say that gene/environment interaction works in both directions? |
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Definition
| The genes that a person obtains will be influence by the environment that they live in (for example: an athlete will thrive if given good body genes) |
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Term
| The basic unit of heredity is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the code (within a gene) encode for? |
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Definition
| A protein building block for behavior and body |
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Term
| What do most genetic traits depend on? |
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Definition
| Most genetic traits depend on a single gene |
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Term
| What two processes during the formation of sperm and eggs help explain genetic changes within a population? |
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Definition
| Cross over, and mutations (could potentially be a good thing, for example: giraffe's and long necks) |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetic variations become more common over time if they are adaptive in a particular environment |
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Term
| Evolutionary Psychologists belief on how the human mind evolved: |
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Definition
| A collection of specialized modules that handle specific survival problems (for example: if you were going to be attacked by a tiger, you're immediately going to get an adrenalin rush, or babies and their initial need for food) |
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Term
| Our Biological heritage consist of: |
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Definition
| A sucking reflex at birth, a motive to explore and manipulate objects, and a love of play |
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Term
| What do evolutionary psychologists expect to be more typical of males than females? |
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Definition
| Promiscuity, concern with dominance, interest in young partners, and emphasis on physical attractiveness |
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Term
| What major issue divides evolutionary theorists and their critics in debates over courtship and mating? |
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Definition
| Sociobiology and Culture (the nature vs. nurture is still at work here) |
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Term
| What evidence would you need in order to proove that men will always be more secually promiscuous than women? |
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Definition
| This could be conformation bias, you will need to find other species that prove the theory (for example: Dung Beatles) |
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Term
| Diane hears that basket weaving abiility is highly heritable. She assumes that her own low performance must therefore be due mostly to genes. What s wrong with her reasoning? |
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Definition
| Diane is comparing herself at an individual stance rather then with a group |
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Term
| Three important aspects that can not be used with heritablility? |
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Definition
| You can't compare individuals (a person's achievements or flaws at a personal stance), you can't compare two different groups (blacks and whites), and you can't compare the environments (educations in two different environments) |
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Term
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Definition
| The percent or likelihood of passing on or obtaining a gene |
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Definition
| There is a great chance that many people have this trait |
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Definition
| The gene is not passed on |
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Term
| Why do behavioral geneticists find it useful to study twins? |
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Definition
| Behavioral geneticists (a.k.a evolutionary psychologists) find it helpful to study identical twins because they have the same DNA (whereas fraternal twins have different DNA). So, when studied, identical twins share all the same genes but have different environments to satisfy both the nativists and empiricists arguments |
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Term
| What is the contrast between the nativists and empiricists? |
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Definition
| They disagree with the relative importance of nature and nurture in explaining human differences |
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Term
| Evolutionary psychology and sociobiology both focus on what? |
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Definition
| Both focus on evolutionary influences on behavior |
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Term
| Evolutionary Psychologists focus on what? |
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Definition
| focus on language learning, attention, and perception |
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Term
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Definition
| The basic unit of heredity. They are composed of DNA, and are the structure of proteins |
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Definition
| Rod shaped structures that are found in every cell of the body that carry the genes |
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Definition
| A full set of genes in each cell of an organism |
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| X Chromosomes and Y Chromosomes: |
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Definition
| The x chromosomes is a women, and a y chromosomes is a male (these determine the offspring's sex) |
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Definition
| Genetic studies that look for patterns of inheritance of genetic markers in large families in which a particular condition is common; the markers consist of DNA segments that carry considerably among individuals and that have known locations on the chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| (Deoxyribonucleic acid): The chromosomal molecule that transfers genetic characteristics by way of coded instructions of the structure of proteins |
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Term
| Evolutionary Psycholigists believe that: |
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Definition
| As gene frequencies change within a population over generations, certain genetically influenced characteristics more or less common |
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Term
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Definition
| The fate of these genetic variations depends on the environment. The evolutionary process in which individuals with genetically influenced traits that are adaptive in a particular environment tend to survive and to reproduce in greater numbers than other individuals, as a result, their traits become more common in the population over time |
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Term
| Heritability estimates of intelligence for children and adolescents have an average of what? |
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Definition
| (very widely) average of .5 |
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Term
| What is wrong with The Bell Curve hypothesis? |
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Definition
| The bell curve doesn't include the environment, and is also comparing two different groups |
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Term
| Scientific term for Fraternal twins: |
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Definition
| dizygotic, made from two different eggs |
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Term
| Scientific term for identical twins: |
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Definition
| (Monozygotic) made frome the same egg |
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Term
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Definition
Sociobiologists who said DNA shapes day to day behaviors
Believed in a “Short Leach” |
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Definition
| Evolutionary Psychologists who believes in a "long leach" |
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Term
| What makes psychology research “scientific” (6 reasons): |
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Definition
| Precisions, skepticism, rely on empirical evidence that can be observed and counted (quantifiable), state your hypothesis, conformation bias, and openness |
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Term
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Definition
| (Watson, skinner) believe that internet, diet, school, stress, pollution etc. affect your outcome (nurture) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1859: The Origin of Species. Help us to see how parts of the brain evolved to what they did |
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Definition
| 1870: Social Darwinism, then applied to human activity |
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