Term
How much of the earth is exposed land?
How much of the exposed land is desert, steppe, rock, or ice, and is unsuitable for farming?
How many years ago was Pangaea? How was Pangaea caused? |
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Definition
| 30%, 70%, 200 million years ago, internal forces |
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Term
| What causes continental drift? |
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Definition
| Plate tectonics and internal forces |
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Term
| Who proposed the theory of continental drift? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the key for the discovery of the drift? |
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Definition
| Fossils being in different transatlantic places |
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Term
| How many plates are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many supercontinents were there before us? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many more years before there is another supercontinent? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do scientists theorize that humans crossed the Bering Land bridge, and when did they do this? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the first Americans and where did they come from? |
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Definition
| Clovis, known for their spearheads--earliest 13,500 years old |
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Term
| What theories are there for the Clovis people? |
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Definition
Landbridge theory - they crossed on a land bridge
May have come from France |
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Term
| What are the French paleoindians called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the KT boundary? What supports the idea of a KT boundary? |
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Definition
| The KT boundary is a clue of a meteor crash. We know this because on the KT boundary there is aridium, an element that is scarce on Earth but plentiful on meteors |
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Term
| Why don't we have more like craters? |
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Definition
| The earth's atmosphere and lava |
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Term
| What is a glaciation? What is interglaciation? What cause this? What occurs during interglaciation? What causes short-term ice ages? |
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Definition
| An ice age/A warming period/the earth's orbit/a mini ice age/Volcanic activity, global warming |
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Term
| What is water conveyor/convection system? |
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Definition
| A system where the hot water travels up towards the Poles, becomes cold, and then due to the difference in density between cold and hot water travels back to the Equator, where it is warmed and sent back to the Poles |
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Term
| What are the three categories of the Earth in the last billion years of earth? What's the size (largest-smallest?) |
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Definition
| Era, Period, Epoch - Era is largest, Epoch is smallest |
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Term
| What is the most likely theory for a dinosaur mass-extinction, and what evidence supports this? |
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Definition
| Meteor. Found a similiar crater to a meteor in the peninsula of Mexico, in Yukatan near Chicxulub |
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Term
| What epoch are we currently in? |
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Definition
| We are in the Halocene epoch - 10,000 years |
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Term
| Characteristics of an earthquake are: |
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Definition
- occurs with little to no warning
- can unleash a force comparable to a nuclear blast
- Usually lasts less than 1 minute
- Can level a city and cost billions of dollars of damage
- The aftershocks can be as deadly/dangerous as the quake |
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Term
Characteristics of an earthquake are:
- occurs with _______ warning
- can unleash a force comparable to ______
- Usually lasts ______
- Can ______ a city and cost ______ of dollars of damage
- The _________ can be as deadly/dangerous as the quake |
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Definition
- occurs with little to no warning
- can unleash a force comparable to a nuclear blast
- Usually lasts less than 1 minute
- Can level a city and cost billions of dollars of damage
- The aftershocks can be as deadly/dangerous as the quake |
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Term
How much of the earth is covered in water?
How much of the earth's water is salt water?
How much of the Earth's water is usable?
The amount of fresh water on the earth is ______. |
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Definition
| 70+%, 97+%, 1%, almost always constant |
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Term
| Why are earthquakes more deadly and costly today? |
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Definition
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Term
| Over the last decade, earthquake activity has ____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Avoiding building on unstable ground
- Avoiding construction of high rigid structures
- Disaster day contingencies (Japan)
- Further development of prediction techniques |
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Term
| Volcanes involve the surface-ward movement of ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Volcanoes allow the earth to ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which country was created by, and will eventually be destroyed by, volcanoes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where was the last great eruption? How long was this volcano dormant? |
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Definition
Mt. St. Helens-- dormant from '80s-2008
NOTE: Mt. St. Helens and Kilauea in Hawaii are in my notes as most active, so I'm not sure which one actually is |
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Term
| Scientists believe that if we didn't have early volcanoes our atmosphere would be different how? |
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Definition
| Less greenhouse effect, which prevents earth from overheating |
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Term
| Where is the Ring of fire located? |
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Definition
| From CA around the Pacific Ocean to Japan |
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Term
| How did humans live before the agricultural revolution? What was the primary game? Why was this the primary game? |
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Definition
Smaller nomadic hunter-gatherer groups; mammoth because the food from a mammoth could sustain people for days
LIFE WAS HARSH AND TENUOUS!!!!!!!!11!!9823749 |
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Term
| There are two phases of the agricultural revolution. What are they? |
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Definition
| "Pre" Agricultural revolution - 14,000 years ago, where people took advantage of seasonal crops by taking care of them, and the Agricultural Revolution - 12,000 to 10,000 years ago, where people began agriculture |
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Term
| Which 2 places initiated revolution? |
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Definition
| The Nile/Egypt and Mesopotamia (fertile crescent) |
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Term
| How did animal domestication occur? What 3 ways did it occur this way? |
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Definition
| Naturally; 1) as humans became less nomadic the population increased, and they had wastes which attracted animals, where animals became dependent and adapted to human activity; 2) they hung around humans for protection from larger prey; 3) they cared for young (sheep, goats, pigs, cows, dogs) after parent animals die. |
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Term
| What benefits were there to animal domestication? (4) |
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Definition
| Food, clothing, transportation, "beast of burden"; domestication of animals makes life easier |
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Term
| What impact is there from the agricultural revolution? (8) |
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Definition
- Food surpluses were produced for the first time
- Population increases
- An urban revolution occurs in conjunction with the agricultural revolution
- Social stratification develops (occupational specialties)
- Conflict and competition between villages
- The development of organized religion
- The more rapid development of "new" tools + technologies
- Life expectancies increased; infant mortality dropped |
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Term
What impact is there from the industrial revolution (HELP):
- Food _____ were produced for the first time
- Population _______
- An _______ occurs in conjunction with the agricultural revolution
- ______ ______ develops (occupational specialties)
- _____ and __________ between villages
- The development of _________
- The more rapid development of ______
- Life expectancies _______; infant mortality ________ |
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Definition
- Food surpluses were produced for the first time
- Population increases
- An urban revolution occurs in conjunction with the agricultural revolution
- Social stratification develops (occupational specialties)
- Conflict and competition between villages
- The development of organized religion
- The more rapid development of "new" tools + technologies
- Life expectancies increased; infant mortality dropped |
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Term
| What early civilizations developed as a direct result of the agricultural revolution? (3) |
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Definition
| Babylon, Sumer, and Egypt, all in the Middle East |
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Term
| How did halocene umanity transform the earth? (6) |
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Definition
1) farming/domestication
2) administration
3) urbanization
4) industrialization
5) Transportation and communication
6) Population |
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Term
How did halocene umanity transform the earth? (6, HELP)
1) F/D
2) A
3) U
4) I
5) T + C
6) P |
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Definition
1) farming/domestication
2) administration
3) urbanization
4) industrialization
5) Transportation and communication
6) Population |
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