Term
|
Definition
| A way of organizing a nation so that two levels of goverment have formal authority over the same land and people. It is a system of shared power between units of government. |
|
|
Term
| Intergovernmental relations |
|
Definition
| the working of the federal system-the entire set of interactions among national,state, and local governments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Article vI of the Constitution, which makes the constitution,national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constituitional limits |
|
|
Term
| McCulloch v. Maryland 1819 |
|
Definition
| An 1819 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governemtns. In deciding this case, Chief Justice John Marshall and his colleagues held that congress had certain implied powers in addition to the enumerated powers found in the constitution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Powers of the federal governemtn that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution. The constitution states that congress has the power to " make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution" the powers enumerated in Article I. Many federal policies are justified on the basis of applied powers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the constitution, for congress, these powers are listed in Artical I, Section 8, and include the power to coin money, regulate its value, and impose taxes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The final paragraph of Article I, section 8, of the constitution, which authorizes Congress to pass all laws " necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers. |
|
|
Term
| United States V. Lopez 1995 |
|
Definition
| Gun free school zones act did in fact exceed Congress authority to regulate commerce among the states. |
|
|
Term
| United States v. Morrison 2000 |
|
Definition
| That the power to regulate interstate commerce did not provide Congress with authority to enact the 1994 Violence Against Women Act, which provided a federal civil remedy for the victims of gender-motivated violence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of government in which powers and policy assighments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pattern of spending taxing, and providing grants in the federal system, it is the cornerstone of the national governments relations with state and local governments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Social Science / Education) Education a grant provided by the central government or local education authority to ensure consistent standards in buildings and other facilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or " catagories," of state and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Federal grants given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of the merits of applications. A type of the categorical grants available to states and localities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cross-cutting-requirements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A command or an authorization given by a political electorate to its representative. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the federal government requires state and local action but does not provide the funds to pay for the action. |
|
|
