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| Anatomic Reference Systems |
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Definition
| used to describe the locations of the structural units of the body |
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| The study of the structures of the body |
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| The study of functions of the structures of the body |
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Describes the body standing in the standard position:
-Standing up straight so the body is erect and facing forward
-Holding the arms at the sides with the hands turned so that the palms face toward the front |
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| Imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes. |
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| a vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions |
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| the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves |
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| a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and Posterior (back) portions |
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| an up -and-down plane that is a right angle to the horizon |
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| a flat, crosswise plane, such as the horizon |
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| A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and Inferior (lower) portions |
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| refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body |
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| Refers to the back of the organ or body |
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| Situated in the front; also means the front or forward part of an organ |
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| situated in the back; also means the back part of an organ |
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| Uppermost, above, or toward the head |
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| Lowermost, below, or toward the feet |
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| toward the lower part of the body |
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| situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure |
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| situated farthest from the midline or the beginning of a body structure |
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| the direction toward, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline |
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| the direction toward, or nearer, the midline |
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| spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs |
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located along the back of the body and head, contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions and is divided into two portions:
-Cranial Cavity
-Spinal Cavity |
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| Located within the skull,surrounds and protects the brain |
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| located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord |
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Located along the front of the body,contains the body organs that sustain homeostasis:
-thoracic cavity
-abdominal cavity
-pelvic cavity |
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| the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment |
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| Surrounds and protects the heart and lungs. Diaphragm separates it from the rest of the ventral cavities |
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| Contains primarily the major organs of digestion. commonly referred to as the abdomen |
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| the space formed by the hip bones and contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems |
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| relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen |
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Term
| Regions of the Thorax and Abdomen |
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Definition
a descriptive system that divides the abdomen and lower portion
-Right and Left Hypochondriac Regions
-Epigastric Region
-Right and Left Lumbar Regions
-Umbilical Region
-Right and Left Iliac Regions
-Hypogastric Region |
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Term
| Regions of the Thorax and Abdomen |
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Definition
a descriptive system that divides the abdomen and lower portion
-Right and Left Hypochondriac Regions
-Epigastric Region
-Right and Left Lumbar Regions
-Umbilical Region
-Right and Left Iliac Regions
-Hypogastric Region |
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| Right and left Hypochondriac Regions |
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Definition
| Regions covered by the lower ribs |
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| Right and left Lumbar Region |
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| Regions near the inward curve of the spine |
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| Region surrounding the Umbilicus |
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| Right and Left Iliac Regions |
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| Regions above the hip bones |
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| A multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity |
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| The outer layer of the Peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall |
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| A fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches part of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall |
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| A fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches part of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall |
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| The inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity |
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| Located behind the peritoneum |
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| The basic structural and functional units of the body |
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| The study of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell |
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| the tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of the cell by separating them from its external environment |
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| the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus |
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| Structure within the cell. Controls the cell and helps the cell divide |
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| Unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division |
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| Undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ |
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| Undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell. Can form any adult cell |
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| a fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity |
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| The study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease |
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| Inherited from either parent, the offspring will inherit that genetic condition or trait |
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| When inherited from both parents, the offspring will have that condition. When only inherited from one parent and the other parent donates a normal gene, the offspring will not have that condition |
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| Complete set of genetic information of an organism |
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| The genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell |
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| Pertaining to the body in general |
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| Located on the pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell. the basic structure of it is the same for all living organisms. Determines heredity, physical appearance, disease risks, and other traits |
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| a change in the sequence of a DNA molecule |
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| a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene |
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| genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems |
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| a genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease |
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| a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing. Characterized by spontaneous hemorrhage or severe bleeding following an injury |
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| a genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child. Each child has a 50-50 chance of getting it from their parent. Causes nerve degeneration near midlife. |
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| a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement |
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| Genetic Disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing. Can cause severe mental retardation if not treated. |
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| fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance buildup in tissues and nerve cells in the brain |
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| group or layer of specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions. |
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| The study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues |
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| form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body. These also form glands. |
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| the specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes |
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Definition
| The specialized epithelial tissue that line the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs |
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Definition
Support and connect organs and other body tissues:
-Dense Connective Tissues
-Adipose Tissue
-Loose Connective Tissue
-Liquid Connective Tissue |
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| Bone and Cartilage, form the joints and framework of the body |
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| Provides protective padding, insulation, and support. |
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| Surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood cells |
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| Liquid Connective Tissues |
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| Blood and lymph, transport nutrients a waste products throughout the body |
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| Contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax |
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| The defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue |
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| The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells |
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| A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other |
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| the abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs |
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| group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions |
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| These Secrete chemical substance into ducts that lead either to organs or out of the body. Ex: Sweat Glands |
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| Produce hormones. Secreted directly into the bloodstream, and are transported to organs and structures within the body |
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| somewhat independent part of the body that performs a specific function |
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| Disease producing microorganism |
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| Indirect Contact Transmission |
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Definition
| refers to situations in which a susceptible person is infected with a contaminated surface |
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| the spread of a disease through the contact of blood or other body fluids that are contaminated |
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| Occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze |
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| Food-borne and Waterborne transmission |
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| caused by eating or drinking contaminated food |
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| Vector-borne Transmission |
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Definition
the spread of a certain disease due to the bite of a vector
Ex: West Nile Virus, Rabies |
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| the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area |
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| A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population, group, or area |
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| produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified |
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| an unfavorable response medical due to prescribed treatment |
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| an unfavorable response medical due to prescribed treatment |
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| an illness without known cause |
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| an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms |
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| an disease acquired in a hospital or clinic setting |
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produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body.
Ex: Chickenpox |
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produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body.
Ex: Chickenpox |
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| abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth |
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| Birth defect; can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb |
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| a deviation from what is regarded as normal |
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| describes the congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular |
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| the mother's health, behavior, and prenatal medical care that she does or does not receive before birth |
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| caused by mother's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. Causes several abnormalities |
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| the study of the medical problems and car of older people |
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| An examination of the body after death |
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| provides ongoing care for patients of all ages |
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| a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the internal organs and related body systems |
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| a physician who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and the prevention of disease in infants and children |
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| a physician who specializes in the care of older people |
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| Person who focuses on the general medical care of hospitalized patients |
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