Term
| Where do the pathways of oxidative system occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the oxidative system, which substrates can be oxidized? |
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Definition
| CHO, Carbohydrate and Protein |
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Term
| What are the three steps of the oxidation of CHO? |
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Definition
| 1) Glycolosis 2) Krebs Cycle(citric cycle) and 3) ETC(Electron Transport Chain) |
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Term
What is the continuation of CHO metabolism?
a) Anaerobic glycolosis
b) aerobic glycolosis
c)protein glycolosis |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the additional steps in aerobic glycolosis? |
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Definition
1) NADH to mitochondria(indirect ATP from glycolosis)
2) Pyruvate and lactate transported into the mitochondria by MCT
3) Once in the mithocondria, lactate is converted into pyruvate with an enzyme mithocondrial LDH |
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Term
| You need the molecule _______ in order to produce _______ in the aerobic glycotic system |
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Definition
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Term
| Which molecule do you need to get into krebs cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Krebs cycle makes 1 ATP but more importantly it produces ______ and ______ to give to ETC |
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Definition
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Term
| ETC generates a lot of ATP with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the kreb cycle occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1 Glucose produces 2 pyruvate or 2 lactic acid that produces __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| How many steps is CO2 given? |
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Definition
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Term
| Acetyl COA + __________(4c) forms ________(6c) |
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Definition
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Term
| Does citrate eventually get metabolised to oxylocetate in the Krebs Cycle. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does citrate eventually get metabolised to oxylocetate in ATP - CP energy system. t or f |
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Definition
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Term
| Dehydrogenase enzymes catalyzes a reaction of __ substrates that remove____ ions and bring electrons and therefore would be oxidized |
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Definition
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Term
| In the krebs cycle, how many molecules of NADH, FADH2, and GTP are produced? |
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Definition
| 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 1 GTP |
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Term
| How does GTP create one ATP? |
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Definition
| by transferring an Phosphate |
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Term
| How much CO2 is created in KRebs cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are three ways that acetyl coa is formed? |
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Definition
| FFA, amino acids, and pyruvate |
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Term
| what is the rate limiting enzyme in the kreb cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the ETC, which Kreb- by products enter the chain of mithochondria inner membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the NADH and FADH2 lose or gain electrons in the chain of mithochondrion membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the proton pumps called that transfer electrons in the ETC? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many cytochromes are reduced(gain electron) then oxidized(lose electron) to release energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is chemiosmotic gradient? |
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Definition
| pumps out H protons outside the inner membrane of the mithochondria from high to low |
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Term
| what is ATP synthase in the ETC? |
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Definition
| it is a protein that brings back the H protons back to phosphorylate ATP |
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Term
| The Flow of H+ creates Energy used to Phosphorylate ATP. t or f |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the final electron acceptor in the ETC from the 3rd cytochrome? |
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Definition
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Term
| what reduces the cytochrome pumps from shutting down? |
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Definition
| oxygen because they need the electron |
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Term
| electrons and H+ form togheter to form _____ to prevent _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| whats oxidative phosphorylation? |
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Definition
| its the process of oxygen along with the transfer of phosphate |
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Term
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Definition
| means half a mole. making atp in mithochondria and there is an energy cost |
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Term
| what 4 ways control oxidative phosphorylation? |
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Definition
1) Rate limiting enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase
2) negative feedback regulates krebs cycle
3) krebs feeds nad and fadh2 to ETC
4)ATP inhibits, ADP stimulates |
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Term
| how many percent is released as heat in the ETC? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 7 steps for metabolizing these long chain molecules? |
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Definition
Mobilize – breakdown of stored fat into FFA
Circulate - adipocytes to muscle via VLDL
Uptake – FFA into muscle from circulation
Activation – FFA converted to Fatty Acyl-CoA to gain entry into Mito
Beta (β) Oxidation (Converting FFA to Acetyl-CoA)
Krebs – Same as before but mucho Acetyl-CoA
ETC – More Acetyl CoA = more………….. NADH, FADH2, and H+ = more ATP |
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Term
| where are high energy fat stored in? |
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Definition
| adipose tissue, muscle and liver |
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Term
| whats the most abundant lipid in diet and storage? |
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Definition
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Term
| whats the term called instead of hydrolosis for fat? |
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Definition
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Term
| making a triglyceride is called? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the purpose of the Krebs cycle?
a) To transport pyruvate to the mitochondria
b) To energize the the proton pumps.
c) To reduce Acetyl-CoA to ATP
d) To generate NADH and FADH for the ETC
To make ATP |
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Definition
| To generate NADH and FADH for the ETC |
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Term
| Why is oxidative phosphorylation a more sustainable form of ATP formation than glycolysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Besides ATP, what are the by-products of oxidative metabolism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Besides the Acetyl-CoA that forms, how does Beta-Oxidation generate ATP? |
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Definition
| By forming NADH and FADH2 |
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Term
| Why must all fibers progress through the phosphagen system prior to the aerobic system when initially recruited? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the energy released from the electron transport chain directly used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does CHO metabolism become inhibited once fat metabolism is activated? |
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Definition
| Citrate from the Krebs cycle inhibits PFK |
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Term
| What stimulates the ETC to activate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What role does oxygen play in metabolism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What inhibits glycolysis during high intensity exercise? |
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Definition
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