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| views behavior as stemming from free will that demands responsibility of all perpetrators and that stresses the need for punishments severe enough to deter others. |
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| views behavior as stemming from social, bioligical and psychological factors. punishment should be tailored to the individual needs of the offender |
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| factors thought to bring about criminal behavior |
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| psychological exlanations |
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| explanations fo crime that emphasize mental processess and behavior |
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| sociological explanations |
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| emphasize the social conditions that bear on the indiviual as causes of criminal behavior |
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| social structure theories |
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| therories that attribute to the existence of the powerless lower class that lives with poverty and deprivation and often turns to crime in response |
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| a breakdown in and disappearance of the rules of socal behavior |
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| theoeries that see criminality as normal behavior. everyone has the potential to become criminals depending on the influences that are hostile to criminal behavior. |
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| theories holding that criminal behaviors occur when the bonds that tie an indiviual to society are broken or weakened. |
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| theories emphasizing that the causes of criminal behavior are not found in the indiviual but the social process that labels certain acts as deviant or criminal |
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| theories that assume criminal law and the criminal justice system are primarily a means of controlling the poor and the have-nots. |
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| life course theoriesidentify factors affecting the start, duration, nature and end of criminal behavior over the life of an offender |
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