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| a waxy protective covering that prevents water loss |
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| a haploid reproductive cell surrounded by an hard, outer wall |
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| a plant embryo surrounded by a protective coat |
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| transports water and dissolved substances from one part of the plant to another |
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| vascular tissue that carries water and inorganic nutrients from the roots to the stems and leaves |
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| vascular tissue that carries organic compounds and some inorganic nutrients in any direction depending on the plant's needs |
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| three phyla of plants without vascular tissue or true roots, stems, and leaves |
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| nine phyla of plants with vascular tissue, roots, stems, and leaves |
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| plants that produce seeds- four phyla of gymnosperms and one of angiosperms |
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| four phyla of seed plants that produce seeds not enclosed in fruits, including pine trees |
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| flowering seed plants that produce seeds within a protective fruit |
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| first phase of a plant's life cycle- diploid, produces spores |
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| second phase of a plant's life cycle- haploid plant producing egg and sperm |
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| alternation of generations |
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| life cycle alternating between gametophyte and sporophyte phases |
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