Term
| What is an infectious disease that can be passed from one person to another? |
|
Definition
| Communicable Disease 1288 |
|
|
Term
| What is a disease caused by pathogenic organisms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What has promulgated rules and regulations designed to protect employees of public and private organizations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is commonly known as the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is consistently present or prevalent in a population or geographic area? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an outbreak of disease that substantially exceeds what is excepted based on recent experience? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an outbreak of disease that occurs on a global scale? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is health care associated infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are items that come in contact with mucous membranes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are items that come into contact with intact skin? |
|
Definition
| Semicritical Equipment 1289 |
|
|
Term
| What kind of cleaning solution fits the requirement for semicritical equipment? |
|
Definition
| 1:100 Dilution Bleach and Water 1289 |
|
|
Term
| What cleaning solution fits the requirement for critical equipment? |
|
Definition
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-Registered Chemical sterilants 1289 |
|
|
Term
| What equipment requires a mixture of EPA-registered hospital grade cleaner or bleach and water? |
|
Definition
| Noncritical Equipment 1289 |
|
|
Term
| What requires that medical facilities notify emergency response personnel of airborne and droplet transmitted disease involving patients they transported? |
|
Definition
| Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resource Emergency (CARE) Act, Part G 1288 |
|
|
Term
| When does the medical facility have to report a possible exposure to the emergency response personnel? |
|
Definition
| ASAP and no longer than 48 hours 1288 |
|
|
Term
| What are small organisms that can grow and reproduce outside the human cell in the presence of the needed temperature and nutrients and cause disease by invading and multiplying in the tissues of the host? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are small organisms that can grow rapidly in the presence of the needed nutrients and organic material and can cause infection related to contact with decaying organic matter or from airborne spores in the environment such as molds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is any living organisms in or on any other living creature and take advantage of the host by feeding off cells and tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are small organisms that can multiply only inside a host, such as a human, and cause disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the transmission of an infectious agent by means of direct or indirect contact with the infected persons? |
|
Definition
| Contact Transmission 1289 |
|
|
Term
| What are pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans? |
|
Definition
| Bloodborne Pathogens 1290 |
|
|
Term
| What are objects that harbor microorganisms and can transmit them to others? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs with inhalation of infected droplets? |
|
Definition
| Droplet Transmission 1290 |
|
|
Term
| What is generally the rule with droplet transmission? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the transmission of an infectious agent by inhalation of small particles that become aerosolized when the infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or exhales? |
|
Definition
| Airborne Transmission 1290 |
|
|
Term
| What is an organism that harbors pathogens that are harmless to the organism but cause disease when transmitted to a human host? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is CSF, pericardial fluid, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and any fluid containing visible blood? |
|
Definition
| Other Potentially Infectious Material (OPIM) 1291 |
|
|
Term
| What causes more than 80% of exposures of health care providers to infectious agents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did congress pass in 2000 which required that all sharps be needle-safe or needleless systems? |
|
Definition
| Needlestick Safety and Preventions Act 1292 |
|
|
Term
| What is your 3rd line of defense against the effects of communicable diseases? |
|
Definition
| Postexposure Medical Follow-up 1292 |
|
|
Term
| Who will ensure that you receive proper postexposure medical treatment including counseling, to reduce your chances of developing the disease to which you were exposed? |
|
Definition
| Designated Infection Control Officer (DICO) 1292 |
|
|
Term
| What is any person, living or dead, whose blood or other potentially infectious materials may be a source of occupational exposure to another person? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 people does the communication network for exposure reporting involve? |
|
Definition
| Exposed paramedic, DICO, and Treating Physician 1293 |
|
|
Term
| What describes infection control practices that reduce the opportunity for an exposure to occur in the daily care of patients? |
|
Definition
| Standard Precautions 1294 |
|
|
Term
| What term replaces the older terms universal precautions and body substance isolation (BSI)? |
|
Definition
| Standard Precautions 1294 |
|
|
Term
| What are suspensions of whole (live or inactivated) or fractionated bacteria or viruses that have been rendered nonpathogenic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bring about immunity by causing the immune system to produce antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an inoculation with a vaccine, usually by injection or inhalation, to bring about immunity to a specific disease in a person? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the process of producing widespread immunity to a specific disease among a targeted group by inoculating individual members of the population? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who are people that harbor an infectious agent and, although not personally ill, can transmit the infection to other people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What involves a chain of events through which the communicable disease spreads? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What includes bacteria, viruses, and parasites? |
|
Definition
| Pathogenic Organisms 1295 |
|
|
Term
| What is the ability of an organism to invade and create disease in a host? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is your ability to fight off infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the period between exposure to the organism and the first symptoms of illness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the period during which a person can transmit the illness to someone else? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are tiny fluid filled sacs or small blisters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is a place where organisms may live and multiply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the invasion of a host or host tissue by pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites that produces illness that may or may not have clinical manifestations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What live in or on another living creature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are single-celled, usually microscopic, eukaryotic organisms such as amoebas, ciliates, flagellates, and sporozoans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of meningitis is most often involved in epidemic outbreaks? |
|
Definition
| Meningococcal Meningitis 1297 |
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period for meningococcal meningitis? |
|
Definition
| Between 2 and 10 days 1297 |
|
|
Term
| What is it when the patient cannot extend his or her leg at the knee when the thigh is flexed because of stiffness in the hamstrings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it when passive flexion of the leg on one side causes a similar movement in the opposite leg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an infection that can progress to a disease characterized by a persistent cough for >3 weeks plus night sweats, headache, weight loss, hemoptysis, and/or chest pain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What means that a person has tested positive for exposure to TB but does not have, and may never develop, active disease? |
|
Definition
| TB Infection (Latent TB) 1298 |
|
|
Term
| What means that the person has active TB disease verified by laboratory testing and a positive chest radiograph? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period for TB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a test to determine if a person has ever been infected with TB? |
|
Definition
| Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) 1298 |
|
|
Term
| How many people does TB develop in a person with a positive TB test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What many people die from pneumonia each year? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is inflammation of the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the leading cause of death in pediatric patients world wide, particularly infants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants, older people, and immunocompromised people? |
|
Definition
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) 1299 |
|
|
Term
| What is a labile paramyxovirus that infects the upper and lower respiratory tract, but disease, namely pneumonia and bronchiolitis, is more prevalent in the lower respiratory tract? |
|
Definition
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) 1299 |
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What may arises when the inner walls of the bronchioles become inflamed, usually due to infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an inflammation of the voice box due to overuse, irritation, or infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a life-threatening condition that causes the epiglottitis and supraglottic tissues to swell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an infection of the upper respiratory system characterized by a runny nose, sore throat, cough, congestion, and watery eyes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is caused by the Hib bacteria and is contagious by the droplet route via coughing and sneezing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, a herpes virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus grows in the epithelium of oropharynx and sheds into saliva and is call the kissing disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What has an incubation period of 4 to 6 weeks following exposure, with a prolonged communicable period? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus causes acute respiratory illnesses generally presenting as winter epidemics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many deaths does the flu cause each year? |
|
Definition
| Approximately 36,000 1300 |
|
|
Term
| What has an incubation period of about 1 to 4 days and communicable period from the day before symptoms begin until about 5 days after the onset of the illness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Standard on Fire Department Infection Control Program? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are a group of diseases usually acquired by sexual contact and include gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, scabies, pubic lice, herpes, hepatitis, and HIV infections? |
|
Definition
| Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) 1301 |
|
|
Term
| What is an infection caused by the gonococcal bacteria, Neisseria gonorrhoeae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period for gonorrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is communicable for months if not treated but if treated the disease is noncommunicable within hours? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is caused by the spiral-shaped bacterium Treponema pallidum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period of syphilis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease communicable period is variable and is considered noncontagious within 48 hours if treated with penicillin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an ulcerative lesion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a chronic, recurrent illness produced by infection with the herpes simplex virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of herpes is generally transmitted via contact with oral secretions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of herpes is spread through sexual contact? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is herpes infection of the finger? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period of genital herpes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long are genital lesions infectious in genital herpes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is usually the cause of a genital herpes outbreak? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is used to reduce the outbreaks of genital herpes? |
|
Definition
| Acyclovir (Zovirax), Valacyclovir (Valtrex), and Famciclovir (Famvir) 1302 |
|
|
Term
| What is an STD with the highest incidence in STDs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What has an incubation period of 7 to 14 days or longer and communicable period is unknown? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is caused by infection with Sarcoptes scabiei, a parasite? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What has an incubation period of 4 to 6 weeks for persons with no prior exposure to the pathogen and a second or subsequent infestation my appear in as little as a few days? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What has a communicable period that lasts until the mites and eggs are destroyed by treatment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long can the female mite of scabies live on a human host? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long can a scabies parasite live without a host? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a topical treatment for scabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are small insects that crawl through hair and feed on blood through the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of lice? |
|
Definition
| Head Louse, Body Louse, and Pubic Louse 1303 |
|
|
Term
| What has an incubation period that last approximately 8 to 10 days after the eggs hatch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What diseases communicable period ends when all eggs are destroyed by treatment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an inflammation of the liver produced by a virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many distinct forms of viral hepatitis exist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusion, or puncture of the skin with contaminated needles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period for HBV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease has a communicable period that starts weeks before the first symptoms appear and may persist for years in chronic carriers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a yellowing of the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a yellowing of the sclera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the whites of the eyes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common chronic bloodborne infection and the leading cause of liver transplantation in the United States? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period of hepatitis C? |
|
Definition
| 2 to 24 weeks (average 6-7 weeks) 1305 |
|
|
Term
| What requires that the host be infected with hepatitis B for infection to occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period for hepatitis D? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the virus in which the cells in the immune system are killed or damaged so that the body is unable to fight infections and certain cancers? |
|
Definition
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 1305 |
|
|
Term
| What is having a positive blood test for an infectious agent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the end-stage disease process caused by HIV? |
|
Definition
| Acquired Immunodefiency Syndrome (AID) 1306 |
|
|
Term
| What is infections in which an organism thrives when the immune system has been compromised by illness, chemotherapeutic medications, or antirejection drugs in an organ transplant recipient? |
|
Definition
| Opportunistic Infections 1306 |
|
|
Term
| What is a term that comprises many types of infections and irritations of the GI tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is not considered effective against the norovirus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of hepatitis in the United States? |
|
Definition
| HAV or Infectious Hepatitis 1308 |
|
|
Term
| What has an incubation period is usually about 2 to 4 weeks, although it can range from 15 to 50 days after ingestion of the virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is also referred to as enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANB)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What refers to infectious diseases of animals that can be transmitted to humans and cause disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a type of virus that is transmitted by mosquitos, and usually causes only mild disease in human but can cause encephalitis, meningitis, and death? |
|
Definition
| West Nile Virus (WNV) 1308 |
|
|
Term
| What is a tick-borne disease that primarily affects the skin, heart, joints, and nervous system and is characterized by a round, red lesion or bull's eye rash? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 stages lyme disease is divided? |
|
Definition
| Early localized, Early disseminated, and Late manifestations 1309 |
|
|
Term
| What stage in lyme disease is characterized by a round, red skin lesion, a bulls-eye rash? |
|
Definition
| Early Localized Stage 1309 |
|
|
Term
| What stage in lyme disease will secondary lesions develop within days, and the patient may report flu-like symptoms? |
|
Definition
| Early Disseminated Stage 1309 |
|
|
Term
| In what stage of lyme disease does arthritis occur in about 60% of untreated patients, beginning days to years after the initial infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a tick-borne disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii and is a cause of potentially fatal human illness? |
|
Definition
| Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) 1309 |
|
|
Term
| What is the first-line treatment for adults and children of all ages for RMSF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a type of virus found in wild rodents, which can also cause disease in humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is found in the urine, feces, and saliva of chronically infected rodents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a bite from an animal that has been infected? |
|
Definition
| Rabies (hydrophobia) 1310 |
|
|
Term
| What is skin sensation with no apparent cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a disease caused by spores that enter the body through a puncture wound contaminated with animal feces, street dust, soil, or contaminated street drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is also known as lockjaw? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the recommended treatment of tetanus? |
|
Definition
| Tetanus Immune Globulin (TIG) 1311 |
|
|
Term
| How often should paramedics be offered tetanus boosters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a strain of bacteria that became resistant to the drug methicillin, creating a new strain called methicillin-resistant S aureus? |
|
Definition
| Staphylococus Aureus 1311 |
|
|
Term
| Where have studies shown that 50% to 90% of health care providers carry MRSA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a pathogen that is present but has produced no illness in the host and often progresses to infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one of the leading drugs for treating Staphylococus infections; however, once the organism has become resistant to this drug, it is no longer effective in treating the infections? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a common normal organism of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, urinary tract, and genitourinary tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it when a person becomes resistant to the main drug used for treating enterococcal infection, vancomycin? |
|
Definition
| Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) 1312 |
|
|
Term
| How many of all enterococcal isolates are currently resistant to vancomycin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do VRE infections primarily occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a health care-associated infection? |
|
Definition
| Nosocomial Infection 1312 |
|
|
Term
| What is a new synthetic antibiotic used to treat VRE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is not a multidrug-resistant organism but is being treated like one and can occur after antibiotic treatment because some antibiotics can destroy normal bacteria in the intestine? |
|
Definition
| Clostridium Difficile (C diff) 1313 |
|
|
Term
| What cleaning agent is required when cleaning after C difficile? |
|
Definition
| Chlorine-Based Cleaning Solution 1313 |
|
|
Term
| What is an infection of the lungs and airways that usually occurs in children ages 3 to 6 months? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the inflammation of the larynx and airway just below it and primarily occurs in children 5 years and younger? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is also known as rubeola, hard measles, or red measles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a highly communicable disease transmitted by airborne aerosolized droplets or by direct contact with the nasal or pharyngeal secretions of an infected person? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phase in measles is characterized by fever, conjunctivitis, and coryza (acute rhinitis)? |
|
Definition
| Early (prodromal) Phase 1314 |
|
|
Term
| What are whitish gray spots on the buccal (mouth) mucosa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is also known as German measles or 3-day measles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is caused by a virus and occurs most commonly during the winter and spring and is highly communicable to susceptible people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a viral infection that primarily affects the parotid glands, which are one of the 3 pairs of salivary gland, causing swelling in front of the ears? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is also known as varicella zoster? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a viral illness that produces a distinctive rash of itchy, fluid-filled vesicles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two modes of transmission for chickenpox? |
|
Definition
| Airborne and Direct Contact Transmission 1315 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is also known as whooping cough? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an acute infectious disease characterized by a catarrhal stage, followed by a paroxysmal cough that ends in a whooping inspiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a new disease that arose from the merger of two viruses, one from mammals and one from birds? |
|
Definition
| Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) 1317 |
|
|
Term
| What is a disease caused by a virus that occurs naturally in the bird population? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the lead agencies for responding to potential pandemic diseases in the United States? |
|
Definition
| Department of Health and Human Services 1317 |
|
|
