Term
| Office of Price Administration |
|
Definition
| Wartime agency created to combat inflation thru price controls (inflation leads to greater gov't spending) |
|
|
Term
| Washington Conference (1921) |
|
Definition
Disarmament conference in late 1921-early 1922, first international conference held in the US and the first arms control conference in history
Results in Five, Four, and Nine Power Treaties |
|
|
Term
| Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) |
|
Definition
| 1928 agreement to outlaw war and settle all future disputes peacefully (major players are Frank Kellogg of the US and Aristide Briand of France) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Plan made in 1924 to help rescue Germany's economy from hyperinflation (restructures reparations)
Calls for removal of French and Belgian troops from key industrial areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1929 replacement for the Dawes Plan
Reduces reparations to be paid by Germany (meant to help them deal with economic issues, but written before Great Depression - useless afterward) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secretary of State under Hoover, responsible for Hoover-Stimson Doctrine |
|
|
Term
| Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act (1934) |
|
Definition
| Gives FDR the ability to change tariff rates and to creates trade agreements Some worry that this upsets the checks and balances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organization between North and South America to protect each other from enemies (part of "Good Neighbor" policy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Policy against American intervention in the rest of the Western Hemisphere (does away with Roosevelt Corollary) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Committee led by Gerald Nye (Repub senator) that investigate role of industrial and banking interests in US entrance into WWI - feel that desire for gains was a major factor
Helps keep the US out of WWII initially |
|
|
Term
| Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937 |
|
Definition
Authorize the president to deny companies the right to sell arms to specific belligerent nations
Help support US neutrality
Neutrality Act of 1937 introduces Cash-and-Carry policy |
|
|
Term
| FDR's "Quarantine" speech |
|
Definition
| 1937 speech that talks about how the aggressors (Japan, Germany, and Italy) need to be quarantined - support for end of trade/blockades |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Japan attacks Manchuria in September 1931 after detonating TNT near their own RR and blaming the Chinese
Take Manchuria and set up a puppet gov't
In the US, the debate begins over whether to recognize Manchuria as part of Japan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shows US disapproval of Japanese aggression (says the US will not recognize any changes in territory brought about by force) |
|
|
Term
| Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere |
|
Definition
| Imperial concept developed by Japan during the 1940s (called for unity of the East Asian races - justification for taking Manchuria) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tactic used initially in response to German aggression (basically, the idea that if the Germans get one thing that they want, they won't try to take any more territory, prevents war)
Doesn't work at all, ends when Germany takes Poland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hitler claims that Germany has the right to control Sudetenland (Czech) due to the high population of Germans there
Meets with British PM Neville Chamberlain, French president Edouard Daladier, and Mussolini
Britain and France agree to allow it if Hitler promises not to take more land (apply appeasement); he does so, despite his goal of taking all of Europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Germany invades Poland with the USSR and France and Britain declare war - WWII begins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Introduced in Neutrality Act of 1937 and continued in 1939
Allows countries to purchase arms (esp. the Allies) if they pay in cash and the transport the arms themselves)
Continuing attempt to remain neutral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ambassador to GB in early part of the war and afterward serves as Chairman of the US Securities and Exchange Commission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| British Prime Minister during the first part of WWII (until 1940) |
|
|
Term
| Committee to Defend America |
|
Definition
| Pro-British propaganda group which worked to convince the American people that the US must enter WWII to help Britain |
|
|
Term
| Selective Service Act (1940) |
|
Definition
First peacetime draft ever instituted, sends 1.4 million men into training in preparation for the American entrance into WWII (supposedly for defensive, not offensive, use)
Once the US has entered the war, 1/3 of men examined under this law are rejected (for medical reasons, or because they are illiterate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Opponent of FDR in 1937 (known as a dark horse, since little is known about him)
Roosevelt wins by 5 million popular votes, main weapon is a promise to keep the US out of the war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Allow the president to exchange, sell, or lease arms to any country whose defense helps American security (give massive aid to GB)
Also increases the US "security zone," calls for the Coast Guard to seize any German ship entering a US port, and directs US consulates in Germany and Italy to close down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Product of a secret meeting between Roosevelt and Churchill off the coast of Newfoundland
Provisions become foundation of UN Charter, include no territorial expansion, no territorial changes without inhabitants' consent, self-determination, free trade, cooperation for improvement, and disarmament of all aggressors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "A date which will live in infamy!" |
|
Definition
| Quote from a speech given by FDR just after Pearl Harbor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| After Pearl Harbor, FDR feels it is necessary to set production goals and this board is created to direct the wartime economy (helps economy finally recover from the Great Depression) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| American efforts to break Japanese military and diplomatic codes during WWII (joint effort by army and navy special units), key to victory in the Pacific |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leader of the Soviet Union during WWII |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Italian fascist dictator who seized power in 1922
His regime glorifies war and declares an end to liberty
Ultimately, assassinated by his people and drag through the city streets just before the conquering Allied forced reached the area (moving up from Sicily) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of government in which complete allegiance and obedience is expected in all situations and questioning of the government is not allowed - extreme nationalism (doesn't matter what the actual form of gov't is) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| British Prime Minister during second part of WWII (from 1940 to 1945) and a key military leader and advisor |
|
|
Term
| Fair Employment Practices Committee |
|
Definition
| Meant to hear complaints from blacks about job discrimination, and to take action if a problem occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bans discrimination against colored workers in the defense industry and the government |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
President of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and the National Negro Congress, starts the March on Washington movement before the US enters the war
Meant to protest unfair opportunities for jobs and housing - leads to Exec Order 8802 |
|
|
Term
| Congress of Racial Equality |
|
Definition
| Formed by pacifists in 1942 and stages sit-ins in major cities at restaurants that refuse to serve blacks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All-black air force unit commanded by Benjamin O. Davis, known for being the first black pilots in the American military |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wartime agency created to mediate disputes between management and labor (keeps wartime economy running smoothly), and limit wage increases and therefore inflation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Idea comes from Dr. Philip Johnston, who was serving in the military and had worked on Navajo reservations - have such a complicated language, which so few people know, that it makes a perfect, unbreakable code |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Young Mexican Americans in LA wear long coats, baggy pants (drastically different from military uniforms) and are perceived as unpatriotic by soldiers stationed nearby
Riots break out due to this cultural conflict and certain areas of the city are declared off-limits to soldiers, zoot suits are declared illegal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symbolized the idea that women must take over factory jobs during the war (meant to inspire them to do so) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Code name for the atomic bomb project, set up in Los Alamos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scientific director of the Manhattan Project, idealism inspires great urgency and helps scientists overcome their moral reservations about such a dangerous weapon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Officer in the US Army Corps of Engineers, oversaw the building of the Pentagon and the Manhattan Project |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Air Force plane that dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First city which was bombed with the new atomic technology, on August 6, 1945 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Second atomic bombing and what ultimately ended the war in the Pacific
Occurred on August 9, 1945 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Suspends civil rights of Japanese Americans and authorizes their exclusion mainly from CA, OR, WAS, and southern AZ |
|
|
Term
| Internment ("relocation") camps |
|
Definition
| Camps into which Japanese Americans are placed after Pearl Harbor and the enactment of Executive Order 9066 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the American internment camps, located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains in CA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supreme Court case in which the constitutionality of relocation was held up on the grounds of national security |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| End of the war in the Pacific and therefore the end of WWII (European theater had ended earlier) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| V-J Day and the end of WWII |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AKA the War Labor Disputes Act
Created in response to a large mining strike, allows government to seize and operate any industry threatened by a strike - keep strikes from affecting wartime production
Also prohibits unions from making campaign contributions |
|
|
