Term
|
Definition
| the maintenance of internal temperature within narrow limits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the control of the gain & loss of water & solutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the disposal of nitrogen-containing wastes |
|
|
Term
| Very toxic nitrogenous waste (Aquatic organisms dispose this) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the chemical formula for ammonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A cup-shaped swelling which is the receiving end of the nephron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signals nephrons to step up water reabsorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does ADH stand for? (Excretory System) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood to be filtered enters each kidney through here. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In this process, substances in the blood are transported into the filtrate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This carries urine to the renal pelvis & has final refining in the filtrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This dips down into the renal medulla & has a function in water reabsorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organisms that excrete this avoid the water loss problem almost completely. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood that has been filtered leaves the kidney in the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ball of capillaries that helps to make up the blood-filtering unit of the nephron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mammals excrete this substance in their urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much urine is excreted on a typical day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are H+ ions secreted into the filtrate? |
|
Definition
| To keep the blood from becoming acidic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A regulatory chemical that travels in the blood from its production site, usually an endocrine gland, to other sites, where target cells respond to the regulatory signal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A ductless gland that synthesizes hormone molecules and secretes them directly into the bloodstream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The organ system consisting of ductless glands that secrete hormones and the receptors of target cells, that cooperates with the nervous system in regulating body functions and maintaining homeostasis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cell that responds to a regulatory signal, such as a hormone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chemical messenger that is secreted into the interstitial fluid and causes changes in cells very near the point of secretion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A nerve cell that synthesizes hormones and secrets them into the blood and also conducts nerve signals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lipid made from cholesterol that acts as a regulatory chemical activating the transcription of specific genes in target cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outgrowth of the vertebrate brain that secretes the hormone melatonin which coordinates daily and seasonal body activities such as the sleep/wake circadian rhythm with environmental light conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An endocrine gland in the neck region of mammals that is active in establishing the immune system; secretes several hormones that promote the development and differentiation of T cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The "master control" ("master gland") center of the system, located in the ventral portion of the vertebrate forebrain. Functions in maintaining homeostasis, secretes hormones of the posterior pituitary and releasing hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a kind of hormone released from the hypothalamus that makes the anterior pituitary secrete hormones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a kind of hormone from the hypothalamus that makes the anterior pituitary STOP secreting hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The body's natural pain killer; hormone produced by the brain and anterior pituitary; also serves as a neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from a dietary iodine definicieny |
|
|
Term
| What is negative feedback? |
|
Definition
| A self-regulatory system in which it feeds back to the input a part of a system's output so as to reverse the direction of change of the output. |
|
|
Term
| The regulation of hormone synthesis, blood glucose levels, body temperature, and blood pressure are examples of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Have ducts; the Pancreas is one because it releases hormone into the bloodstream (making it endocrine) and it releases digestive enzymes via a duct into the small intestine. |
|
|
Term
| Which cells release insuline? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells release Glucagon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Too much T4 and T3 in the blood which leads to high blood pressure, loss of weight, overheating, and irritability; produces Graves' disease (goiters) [Think, the more iodine the less you weigh] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Too little T4 and T3 in the blood which leads to low blood pressure, overweight, often cold and fatigued. [Think the less iodine, the more you weigh] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormally low blood glucose levels with too much insulin. |
|
|
Term
| What gland may control biorythms in some animals and control the onset of puberty in humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gland stimulates metabolic rate and is essential to normal growth and development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gland stimulates growth and stimulates secretion of hormones from other glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gland in females stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics, stimulates growth of sex organs at puberty, and prompts monthly preparation of the uterus for pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major area where the nervous and endocrine systems interact? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gland controls blood glucose levels and determines the fate of glycogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gland initiates stress response, increases heart rate, blood pressure and metabolic rate, dilates blood vessels, mobilizes fat and raises blood sugar levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gland in males stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics, stimulates growth spurt at puberty, stimulates spermatogenesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gland increases blood calcium level, stimulates calcium reabsportion and activates Vitamin D? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the Posterior Pituitary; stimulates the contraction of the uterus & gland cells |
|
|
Term
| ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) |
|
Definition
| In the Anterior Pituitary; promotes retention of water by kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anterior pituitary; stimulates growth & metabolic functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disease caused by a hyposecretion of GH |
|
|
Term
| What is giantism (gigantism)? |
|
Definition
| a disease caused by a hypersecretion of GH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anterior Pituitary; Stimulates milk production in women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anterior Pituitary; Stimulates ovaries & testes |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone |
|
Definition
| Anterior Pituitary; Stimulated the Thyroid gland to make hormones |
|
|
Term
| ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) |
|
Definition
| Anterior Pituitary; strimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids |
|
|
Term
| What is a disease related the Anterior Pituitary's adrenocorticotropic hormone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) |
|
Definition
| Thyroid Gland; strimulates and maintains metabolic processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thyroid Gland; lowers blood calcium level |
|
|
Term
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) |
|
Definition
| Parathyroid Gland; RAISES blood calcium level |
|
|
Term
| What does the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine do to the body? |
|
Definition
| "Fight or Flight" response; lowers pain, increases heart rate, dilates pupils, and increases breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adrenal Cortex; increases blood glucose and reinforces effects of glucagon |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a glucocorticoid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Progestins and Estrogens are found in what sex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Androgens are found in what sex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Thymus gland produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Pineal Gland produce? |
|
Definition
| Melatonin (like silversun Pickups; P in pickups is like the P in Pineal) |
|
|
Term
| Which type of diabetes is insulin dependent, and auto-immune, where insulin-producing cells are destroyed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of diabetes is non-insulin dependent, and caused by bad diet and inactivity resulting in stress on the pancreas, causing insulin deficiency or less response to it? |
|
Definition
|
|
