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| CONGRESS OF VIENNA[image] |
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| meeting of the states that decided who got what after Napoleon’s war (They also meet twice, once after napoleon went to Elba and after he returned. ) Said that Italy had to be one nation |
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| Australia’s foreign minister. He lead the Austrian government and help put it back together. He came up with the concert of Europe. |
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| The British foreign secretary who negotiated the treaty of Chaumont that restored the bourbons to the French throne and returned france to its 1792 frontier. |
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| Charles X. in June 1830, the ministry sent a naval expedition against Algeria. On July 9, reports of its victory. On July 25, 1830, Charles X issued the Four Ordinances: They restricted freedom of the press, dissolved the recently elected Chamber of Deputies, called for new elections, and limited the franchise to the wealthiest people in the country. On august 5, Charles X gave up his throne and left France for Exile in England |
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| French Foreign Minister. Negotiated a secret treaty with Britain and Austria. The result was that France was a major party to all future deliberations |
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| Held the throne from 1814 to 1820. He was restored to the throne by the congress of Vienna. He died in 1824 and was succeeded by his brother, Charles X. |
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| In the 19th century, support for representative government dominated by the propertied classes and minimal government interference in the economy. |
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| Was the emperor of Russia form 1801 – 1820/ suddenly unexpectedly died in late November 1825, his death created two crises. The first was that he had no direst heir. His brother Constantine was next in line but he didn’t want the throne. Secret instruction left by Alexander named his younger brother Nicholas his successor. The second crisis was that there was a plot by junior officers to rally the troops under their command to compel reform |
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| The Ottoman Empire fought in a war against Russia called the Crimean war form 1854 – 1856. Russia wanted to extend its influence over the Ottoman provinces of Moldavia and Walachia(now in Romania). In March 1856, a peace conference convened in paris and eventually concluded a treaty highly unfavorable to Russia. The Crimean War shattered the image of an invincible Russia that had prevailed |
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| DELACROIX: LIBERTY LEADING THE PEOPLE |
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| painter of the picture a liberty leading the people[image] |
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| Was responsible for reconstructing Europe after the Napoleonic Era. They wanted to achieve balance of power among Europe’s Great Powers. They also wanted to prevent the rise of another Napoleon like figure that would result in another continent war wide war |
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| THE BALANCE OF POWER[image] |
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| The congress system wanted to achieve this among Europe’s Great Powers. |
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| TSAR NICHOLAS I (AND HIS AUTOCRACY) |
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| Alexander’s younger brother. Was declared tsar of Russia after Alexander. Recognized as tsar by Constantine. He was less respected than Constantine Constantine was his older brother. The army was suppose to take oath to Nicholas on December 26, 1825. All of the regiments except the Moscow regiments did so. They supported Constantine and wanted a constitution. Later that afternoon Nicholas ordered the cavalry and artillery to attack them. Five where executed and 100 where sent exiled to Siberia |
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| GREAT REFORM BILL (GREAT BRITAIN |
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| Became law in 1832. English determination to maintain union with Ireland began the reform process. The act of union placed on of Irish representatives in the British parliament at Westminster. |
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| Grant of full political right to Roman Catholics in Britain in 1829 |
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| Fist large scale European working class political movement. It sought political reforms that would favor the interests of skilled British workers in the 1830s and 1840s. |
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| named after the black sea peninsula on which it was fought, originated on from a rivalry between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Russia wanted to extend its influences over into the ottoman territory. They went to war in 1853 on the pretext that the ottomans had given Roman Catholic France, instead of Orthodox Russia, Austria and Prussia remained neutral. The war shattered the image of the invincible Russia that had prevailed since the close of Napoleonic Wars |
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| NAPOLEON III, EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH (2ND EMPIRE) |
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| Lost the Franco-Prussian War |
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| - Local Authority in Paris from March 18 to May, 1871 |
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| Meaning “Compromise.” Agreement between the Hapsburg emperor and the Hungarians to give Hungary considerable administrative autonomy in 1867. It created the dual monarchy, or Austria-Hungary. |
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| Prejudice, hostility, or legal discrimination against Jews |
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| Movement to create a Jewish state in Palestine (the Biblical Zion). |
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| Austro-Hungarian Jewish Journalist who was the founder of Zionism. |
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| FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE (AND THE CRIMEAN WAR)[image] |
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| Nursed soldiers back to health in the Crimean War. She carried a lamp with her when she tended to the soldier at night and became known as “The Lady with the Lamp.” She made sanitary improvements that helped lower the death rate. |
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| Bismarck came from Junker stock, and his outlook was deeply informed by the most traditional Prussian values: admiration for the monarchy, the nobility, and the army. He was appointed prime minister in 1862. He immediately moved against the liberal parliament. He held conservative monarchial ideas. He thought that parliamentary votes on taxes were not required. Bismarck sought to divert public attention from domestic affairs by using foreign affair, like Prussia assuming leadership of the effort to unify Germany. Bismarck ended up unifying German. |
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| Prussia was the major power among the German states and took a main role in leadership of unifying Germany |
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| where the surrender of the Franco-Prussian war took place |
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| The Frankfort-Assembly took place from and here the liberals failed and the nationalist were frustrated. St. Paul’s church in Frankfort is where the delegates met |
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| KLEINDEUTSCH (?LITTLE GERMAN?- WITHOUT AUSTRIA) SOLUTION |
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| Bismarck’s solution to unification. It Excluded Germany |
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| WILLIAM I, KING OF PRUSSIA AND GERMAN EMPEROR |
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| William was the first German Emperor. Under his leadership, Germany was unified and the German Empire was established. |
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| War declared by france and Prussia, However this also included the states of southern germany. German armies quickly controlled most parts of eastern france. Napolean III was captured with his entire army but this did not end the war. Paris was finnaly captured and german was united under the Prussian throne,. The treaty of Frankfort, which ended the war was signed may 10, 1871. |
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| The leading utopian socialist of Britain. The man who had the reputation for proving success |
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| A Pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. Published in Germany and appeared in early 1848. In this pamphlet they contended that human history must be understood rationally as a whole. This pamphlet was thought to become the most influential political document of modern Europe history. |
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| Marx met Friederich Engels in 1844. He was another young middle-class German,who’s father owned a textile factory in Manchester, England. Engels Published “The condition of the Working Class in England”, which presented a devastating picture of industrial life. Frederick Engels and Marx became fast friends, They wrote a pamphlet for a communist league. “the Communist manifesto. It was published in Germany, appeared early in 1848. They adopted the name communist opposed to socialist. |
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| MARXIST REVISIONISM (E. BERNSTEIN |
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| Bernstein wrote what was regarded as his socialist heresy. Eduard Bernstein, who was familiar with the British Fabians, questioned whether Marx and his later orthodox followers had been correct in their pessimistic appraisal of capitalism and the necessity of revolution. He argued that a humane socialist society required not revolution but more democracy and social reform. Bernstein’s doctrines, known as revisionism, were widely debated among German Socialist and were finally condemned as theory, although the party actually pursued a peaceful, reformist program. |
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| Trade unionism came of age as legal protections were extended to unions throughout the second half of the century. Unions became fully legal in 1871 and were allowed to picket in 1875 |
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| The social democrats were modernizers who favored further industrial development. Most believed that Russia must develop a large proletariat before the revolution could come. I think this was lead ny Lenin |
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| This was launched by the trade union Congress because in 1901 a decision by the house of lords (Britain Supreme Court) removed the legal protection previously accorded union funds. This sent 29 members to parliament in the election of 1906. The British Labour movement also became more militant. |
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