Term
| What are the components of the GI tract? |
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Definition
-oral cavity
-pharynx
-esophagus
-stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine
-anus |
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Term
| What are the 4 major functions of the digestive system and where does it occur? |
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Definition
1. propulsion: movement of food through alimentary canal
2. digestion: mechanical and chemical break down of food
3. absorption of nutrients: absorbs nutrients of food to lymphatic capillaries in wall of small and large intestine
4. defecation: elimination of indigestible substances from body via anal canal and rectum |
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Term
| What are the 4 tissue layers of the wall of the GI tract? |
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Definition
-mucosa
-submucosa
-muscularis externa
-serosa |
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Term
| What are the 3 sublayers of the mucosa of the GI tract? |
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Definition
-lining epithelium
-lamina propria (loose areolar CT, DICT)
-muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle) |
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Term
| What's the general rule for the specific tissue type of epithelium located in the mucosa? |
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Definition
| only stratifified sqaumous non keratinized and (starting with stomach) simple columnar ept. w/ goblet cells |
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Term
| What structures are often found in the lamina propria? |
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Definition
-arteries, veins, and nerves
-glands
-MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) which defends against invasion by bacteria and other microorganisms |
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Term
| What structures are located in the submucosa? |
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Definition
-arteries, veins, and nerves
-glands |
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Term
| Is the submucosa superior or inferior to the mucosa? |
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Definition
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Term
| What general rule is used to determine the specific type of tissue located in the muscularis? |
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Definition
| skeletal muscle and changes in smooth muscle at the esophagus |
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Term
| What is the rule for the serosa? |
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Definition
| The organs that are coverednin the visceral peritoneum have a serosa |
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Term
| What is the specific composition of serosa? |
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Definition
-LCT
-Simple squamous ept. (visceral peritoneum) |
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Term
| What does retroperitoneal mean? name 3 retroperitoneal organs? |
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Definition
peritoneum located behind the peritoneum when fully developed
-pancreas
-duodenum
-rectum |
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Term
| Where is the parietal peritoneum located? |
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Definition
| outer layer that lines the abdominal cavity |
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Term
| Where is the visceral peritoneum located? |
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Definition
| inner layer that covers all organs contained in the abdomen |
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Term
| Where is the peritoneal cavity and what is acites? |
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Definition
Peritoneal lies between the two peritoneum and holds peritoneal fluid.
acites the accumulation of acitic fluid in the abdomen |
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Term
| What type of epithelium is the inner sublayer of the mucosa of oral cavity & 2 parts of the pharynx? why? |
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Definition
| stratified squamous ept. (?) in the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx to protect against abrasion since they are the pathway for food |
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Term
| What type of muscle tissue is in the muscularis of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx? |
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Definition
| pharyngeal constrictor muscles and skeletal muscles (?) |
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Term
| What is the major function of the esophagus? |
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Definition
| propels swallowed food into the stomach |
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Term
| Where is the esophagus located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organ is continuous wit the esophagus superiorly? inferiorly? |
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Definition
superiorly: pharynx
inferiorly: stomach (?) |
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Term
| What type of epithelium lines the lumen of the esophagus? |
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Definition
| nonkeratinized stratified squamous ept. |
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Term
| What is the product of the submucosal glands? |
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Definition
| lubricant mucus to aid the bolus to pass through the esophagus |
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Term
| What type of tissue makes up the muscularis in the esophagus? |
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Definition
| skeletal muscle > smooth & skeletal > smooth muscle |
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Term
| Where in the abdomen is the stomach located? |
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Definition
| extends from the esophagus to the small intestine, directly inferior to the diaphram and anterior to the spleen and pancreas |
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Term
| What specific tissue lines the lumen of the stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are there any multicellular glands in the mucosa of the stomach? |
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Definition
| tubular gastric glands that contain: mucous neck cells, parietal cells, and chief cells |
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Term
| What are rugae and are the permanent structures? |
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Definition
| longitudinal folds in the mucosa of the stomach which flatten as the stomach expands |
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Term
| What do parietal, chief, and mucus neck cells produce? What does HCl do to the production of chief cells? |
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Definition
parietal cells: HCl and gastric intrinsic factor
chief cells: pepsinogen
mucus neck cells: mucus with an unknown function |
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Term
| What is the major function of the small intestine? |
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Definition
| where 90% of digestion and absorption of food occurs |
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Term
| What are the 3 regions of the small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of mucosal specializations? name 3 examples |
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Definition
increase surface area
-plicae circulares
-villi
-microvilli |
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Term
| What are lacteals? what do they transport? |
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Definition
| lymphatic vessels of the small intestine that absorb and transport digested fats |
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Term
| What do intestinal glands secrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are goblet cells located? what do they produce? |
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Definition
| located in the small and large intestine and produce mucus |
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Term
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Definition
| peritoneum that attaches the intestines to the wall of the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| the pockets of the large intestine that house feces |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle that runs the length of the large intestine |
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Term
| what are epiploic appendages? |
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Definition
small pouches of the peritoneum filled with fat and situated along the colon, but are absent in the rectum
[image] |
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Term
| Name the regions of the large intestine |
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Definition
-cecum
-ascending colon
-transverse colon
-descending colon
-sigmoid colon
-rectum
-anal canal
-external anal orifice |
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Term
| What appendage is located at the ileocecal junction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stops the ascending colon superiorly? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 regions of the colon are retroperitoneal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What specific type of epithelium lines the lumen of the large intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are villi, intestinal glands, or goblet cells present in the colon? |
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Definition
no villi
simple tubular glands
goblet cells are abundant |
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Term
| What are the main functions of the large intestine? |
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Definition
| absorbs remaining water, propels feces towards rectum, and eliminates feces from body |
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